Fig. 5

APHD activates the Keap1/ Nrf2/ HO-1 signaling cascade. APHD enhanced the mRNA concentrations of Nrf2 (A) and HO-1 (B), as well as the protein concentrations of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 (C-F). APHD promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation (G). The movement of Nrf2 into the cell nucleus was observed using an immunofluorescence test. Nrf2 was identified with a targeted antibody that emits green fluorescence. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI, which appears blue. Representative images of the combined fluorescence and magnified views are presented. The scale marker indicates 50 micrometers, and the merge has been enlarged 400 times. Changes of cell viability after interference with Nrf2 siRNA (H). Treated with Znpp (a HO-1 inhibitor) reversed the antioxidative effect of APHD (I). Data have the expressions of the mean ± SD, n = 3. Distinct letters (a, b, c, d) represent significant differences at p < 0.05 employ the Compact Letter Display (CLD) methodology