From: Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan
Recipes No | Botanical Name, voucher number/deposition number, and Family | Local Name/Habit | Part used | Recipe formulation | Dosage, treatment duration, and toxicity if any | FC | RFC | UV | FL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Artemisia arborescens L. BOT-KHS-90/2023-001, Asteraceae | Mashyara/ H | Leaf | 2 tablespoons of powder are boiled in 1 cup of water | Take 1 time before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 20 |
375 grams plant soaked in 4 glasses of water in clay pitcher(recipe will continue for 48 days) | One cup of water twice a day | 1 | 0.003 | 33.33 | |||||
2 | Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. BOT-KHS-1/2023-001, Asphodelaceae | Zargoy/ H | Leaf | 3-4 pieces of gel are eaten | Once a day before breakfast | 9 | 0.026 | 0.23 | 43 |
A mixture of Aloe Vera gel and honey in crude form | 1-2 tablespoons after dinner | 2 | 0.006 | 17 | |||||
The gel of aloe vera is used in crude form | Take one before the evening | 2 | 0.006 | 33.33 | |||||
3 | Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.BOT-KHS-20/2023-001, Malvaceae | Bindi/ S | Fruit | Take 4-5 fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus, put in 1 glass of water, and leave for the night. Early morning remove the fruit and drink water | Early morning before breakfast | 5 | 0.014 | 0.2 | 83.3 |
4 | Azadirachta indica A.Juss. BOT-KHS-26/2023-001, Meliaceae | Neem/ T | Leaf | Grind the leaves and make juice from the ground leaves | Half a cup before breakfast. Taking continuously causes increased uric acid | 1 | 0.003 | 0.3333 | 25 |
Take 10-15 leaves of A. indica ground, put them into 1 glass of water, and leave for the night. After straining through a fine cloth. | Half a cup before breakfast | 5 | 0.014 | 71.4 | |||||
5 | Brassica rapa L. BOT-KHS-91/2023-001, Brassicaceae | Sarsoon/ H | Root | Eaten in salad form | Once a day | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 12.5 |
6 | Buxus wallichiana Baill. BOT-KHS-92/2023-001, Buxaceae | Shamshad/ S | Leaf | To reduce water to 1 liter, add 1 Kg of leaves to 11/2 liters of water and put it on fire to dissolve the leaves | One glass in the early morning before breakfast | 4 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 50 |
7 | Capsicum baccatum L. BOT-KHS-93/2023-001, Solanaceae | Mirch/ S | Fruit | 3-4 fruits are eaten in crude form | Once a day | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 50 |
8 | Cinnamomum sintoc Blume BOT-KHS-94/2023-001, Lauraceae | Dar cheeni/ T | Bark | Ground into fine powder | One teaspoon is given with tea in the morning and | 4 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 57 |
9 | Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand. BOT-KHS-28/2023-001, Asclepiadaceae | Spalmuy/ S | Flower | 4-5 flowers are eaten | Once a day before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 12.5 |
10 | Carica papaya L. BOT-KHS-95/2023-001, Caricaeae | Papaya/ T | Leaf | Put 2 Kg of Carica papaya leaves in 11 liters of water. After putting the water on a fire, the leaves are dissolved, and the water is reduced to 5 liters. | Half a cup is given 1 time in the morning before breakfast | 4 | 0.012 | 0.333 | 30.7 |
Fruit | 3 pieces of fruit are eaten | Once a day | 2 | 0.006 | 10.52 | ||||
11 | Capparis decidua Edgew. BOT-KHS-30/2023-001, Capparaceae | Karira/ T | Stem | Dry and then grind to make fine powder | One teaspoon before breakfast | 2 | 0.006 | 0.5 | 22.22 |
12 | Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. BOT-KHS-5/2023-001, Cucurbitaceae | Kharthuma/ R | Seed | Dried and grinded | Before breakfast in the morning, take half a tablespoon. | 8 | 0.023 | 0.061 | 88.88 |
 |  | 4 seeds are eaten in crude form | Before breakfast in the early morning | 8 | 0.023 | 36.36 | |||
Fruit | Juice of the fruit is used | One teaspoon after each meal, twice a day | 2 | 0.006 | 33.33 | ||||
Fruit is blended in 1 glass of water. Then strained through a fine cloth. | 1 glass before breakfast | 3 | 0.009 | 42.87 | |||||
13 | Apteranthes tuberculata (N.E.Br.) KUST.KHS.71/2023-001, Apocynaceae | Pamanai /H | Stem | 4-5 pieces of stem are eaten in crude form | Once a day | 51 | 0.147 | 0.190 | 94.4 |
3-4 pieces with a salt crude form | Before going to bed | 1 | 0.003 | 33.33 | |||||
14 | Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.BOT-KHS-96/2023-001, Rosaceae | Lokat/ T | Leaf | Dried and then grinded to make powder | 1 tablespoon early in the morning before breakfast.1 tablespoon first thing in the morning, just before breakfast. Taking regularly causes stomach problem | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 14.28 |
15 | Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng BOT-KHS-50/2023-001, Zygophyllaceae | Spalagza/H | Whole plant | 1 kg of the whole plant is added in 1-liter water, leaves for 12 hrs, and after strained through a fine cloth. In 1 liter of water, 1 kg of the entire plant is added. The leaves are then left for 12 hours before being strained through a fine cloth. | Half a cup in the early morning before breakfast | 32 | 0.029 | 0.0312 | 94.11 |
16 | Ficus carica L. BOT-KHS-52/2023-001, Moraceae | Inzar/ T | Fruit | 7-8 dry Fruit are eaten | Once a day | 4 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 36.36 |
17 | Hordeum vulgare L. BOT-KHS-97/2023-001, Poaceae | Orbasha/ H | Grain | Ground into a fine powder and packed in a capsule | Twice a day before a meal | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 6.66 |
18 | Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. f. BOT-KHS-98/2023-001, Asteraceae | Tarisha/ H | Leaf | Dry and then grind to make fine powder | 1 teaspoon before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 10 |
19 | Lantana camara L. BOT-KHS-99/2023-001, Verbanaceae | Camara/ H | Fuit | Fruits are eaten as salad | Once a day | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 16.66 |
20 | Ligustrum vulgare L. BOT-KHS-100/2023-001, Oleaceae | Amur/ S | Leaf | 4-5 leaves are eaten as a salad | Once a day | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 3.70 |
21 | Moringa oleifera Lam. BOT-KHS-101/2023-001, Moringaceae | Moringa/ T | Leaf | Dry and then grind to make a fine powder | One tablespoon is given with tea once a day | 3 | 0.009 | 0.25 | 9.67 |
Leaves shade dried and then ground into fine powder | Half a teaspoon two times before a meal with a little gur | 9 | 0.026 | 28.12 | |||||
22 | Momordica charantia L. BOT-KHS-59 /2023-001, Cucurbitaceae | Karela/ C | Fruit | After blending one fruit with one glass of water, the mixture is filtered using a fine cloth. | 1 cup a day before breakfast | 8 | 0.023 | 0.0983 | 23.52 |
4 cups of water are used to mix the fruits, which are then strained through a fine cloth. | A half cup is given twice a day before the meal. | 9 | 0.026 | 39.13 | |||||
1 fruit is eaten as a salad | Once a day before breakfast | 38 | 0.11 | 90.43 | |||||
Fruits are ground in 1 cup of water | Once a day before breakfast | 3 | 0.009 | Â | 27.27 | ||||
Dry and then grinded | One teaspoon before breakfast | 2 | 0.006 | 14.28 | |||||
Fruits are blended in 3 cups of water after being strained through a fine cloth. | Half a cup is given three times a day, If taken continuously, it causes increased heartbeat | 1 | 0.003 | 4.76 | |||||
23 | Melia azedarach L. BOT-KHS-8/2023-001, Meliaceae | Bakanra/ T | Leaf | An approximate number of leaves are boiled in 1 glass of water | Every morning, before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 11.11 |
24 | Mangifera indica L. BOT-KHS-102/2023-001, Anacardiaceae | Aam/ T | Leaf | Take some leaves and put them into 2 cups of water. Heat until one cup of water is left | One cup before breakfast | 5 | 0.014 | 0.2 | 41.66 |
25 | Nigella sativa L. BOT-KHS-62/2023-001, Ranunculaceae | Kalonji/ H | Seed | Take 2 spoon seeds, put them in 1 glass of water, and leave overnight | Take it early in the morning | 1 | 0.003 | 0.666 | 5.55 |
Grind into fine powder | Half a teaspoon of water 2 times after the meal | 2 | 0.006 | 16.66 | |||||
26 | Olea europaea L.BOT-KHS-65/2023-001, Oleaceae | Zaitoon/ T | Fruit | Soak fruits of Olea in water for a night | 4-5 fruit are eaten before breakfast | 4 | 0.012 | 0.357 | 21.05 |
Fruit oil | Two spoons of olive oil are mixed in one glass of milk | Take early morning | 5 | 0.014 | 23.80 | ||||
Leaf | 7-8 leaves are chewed in fresh form | Once a day | 3 | 0.009 | Â | 13.04 | |||
Leaf | Grind the leaves with water to make juice | Morning 2-3 spoons of juice in one glass of water | 1 | 0.003 | 5.55 | ||||
Bark | 5 kg bark is boiled in 15 liters of water. By boiling the water and dissolved bark, reduce the volume to 5 liters | 2 spoons before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 9.09 | ||||
27 | Opuntia anacantha Speg.BOT-KHS-103/2023-001, Cactaceae | Zakoom/ S | Fruit | 4-5 Fruits are eaten in crude form | Once a day | 5 | 0.014 | 0.2 | 15.62 |
28 | Olea capensis L.BOT-KHS-104/2023-001, Oleaceae | Shown/ T | Fruit | 10-15 fruits are eaten in crude form | Once a day | 4 | 0.012 | 0.428 | 40 |
Bark | 1kg bark is boiled in 5 liters of water reducing the water content to 4 liters | 2 spoons once a day before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 11.11 | ||||
Leaf | 4 to 5 leaves are boiled in 1 ½ cup and reduced to 1 cup | One time before breakfast | 2 | 0.006 | 33.33 | ||||
29 | Psidium guajava L. BOT-KHS-73/2023-001, Myrtaceae | Amrood/ T | Leaf | 250 gm leaves are put in 4-glass water. By boiling reduce it to 2 glasses | 1 glass once a day before breakfast | 9 | 0.026 | 0.1111 | 34.61 |
30 | Punica granatum L. BOT-KHS-105/2023-001, Punicaceae | Anar/ T | Peel | Dry and then grinded into fine powder | 1 tablespoon before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 12.5 |
31 | Parthenium integrifolium L.BOT-KHS-106/2023-001, Asteraceae | Lewany bhangy/ H | Flower | 5 flowers are eaten in fresh form | Once before breakfast | 4 | 0.012 | 0.25 | 30.76 |
32 | Rhazya stricta Decne. BOT-KHS-74/2023-001, Apocynaceae | Gandaria/ S | Pod | Dry and then grinded | One tablespoon a day | 3 | 0.009 | 0.333 | 27.27 |
33 | Solanum virginianum L.BOT-KHS-107/2023-001, Solanaceae | Tarha Martha/ H | Seed | Dry and then make fine powder | One tablespoon once a day before breakfast | 3 | 0.009 | 0.333 | 15 |
34 | Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst. BOT-KHS-83/2023-00, Tamaricaceae | Ghaz/ T | Leaf | Take 3 kg leaves in10 liters of water and leave for 24 hrs. boiled until reduced to one cup of tea | Put three drops of a recipe into one cup and drink before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 6.25 |
35 | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. BOT-KHS-84/2023-001, Fabaceae | Shamrita/H | Seed | One cup of water and a tablespoon of powder are combined and then left overnight | Take 2 time | 2 | 0.006 | 0.6666 | 9.09 |
Grinded and to make fine powder | 1 teaspoon before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 10 | |||||
36 | Terminalia chebula Retz. BOT-KHS-108/2023-001, Combretaceae | Hareer/ T | Fruit | Dry and then grinded into fine powder | One teaspoon before breakfast | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 12.5 |
37 | Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal. BOT-KHS-87/2023-001, Solanaceae | Shapyanga/ H | Fruit | Soaked 5 seeds in 1 glass of water, and left overnight. Remove the water and the seeds are eaten | One early morning | 27 | 0.078 | 0.0681 | 87.09 |
Leaf | The leaf is grinded to make powder fine powder | One teaspoon before breakfast | 2 | 0.006 | 13.33 | ||||
Extract the juice from the leaves | One cup in the early morning before breakfast | 15 | 0.043 | 53.57 | |||||
38 | Ziziphus nummularia Burm. Wight & Arn BOT-KHS-109/2023-001, Rhamnaceae | Bera/ T | Leaf | Grind some leaves, and put in 1 glass of water. Boiled to reduce half-glass | Once a day before breakfast | 4 | 0.012 | 0.2 | 22.22 |
7-8 leaves are eaten | once a day | 6 | 0.017 | 66.66 |