Table 1 Phytochemical screen and antioxidant activity of fruit, leaf, and root of C. pentagyna (TP: total phenol; TF: total flavonoid; TPA: total phenolic acid; TAC: total anthocyanin)

TP (mg GAE/g)

210.22 ± 0.44 ^a

132.25 ± 0.32 ^b

102.46 ± 0.54 ^c

189.49 ± 0.19 ^d

112.33 ± 0.48 ^e

93.19 ± 0.58 ^f

TF (mg QE/g)

79.93 ± 0.54 ^a

67.21 ± 0.54 ^b

48.66 ± 0.71 ^c

58.9 ± 0.34 ^d

39.53 ± 0.58 ^e

42.47 ± 0.34 ^f

TPA (mg CAE/g)

194.64 ± 0.32 ^a

98.43 ± 0.76 ^b

79.34 ± 0.92 ^c

123.21 ± 0.67 ^d

86.54 ± 0.39 ^e

51.43 ± 0.85 ^f

TAC (mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g FW)

85.37 ± 0.13 ^a

20.45 ± 0.53 ^b

1.32 ± 0.13 ^c

75.94 ± 0.84 ^d

16.45 ± 0.88 ^e

0.56 ± 0.44 ^c

DPPH assay, IC₅₀ (µg/mL)

15.43 ± 0.65 ^a

34.67 ± 0.14 ^b

60.72 ± 0.32 ^c

29.48 ± 0.33 ^d

51.32 ± 0.73 ^e

70.21 ± 0.12 ^f

Extraction yield

% (w/w)

9.6

6.9

2.4

8.3

6.4

2.1