Fig. 4

Effects of EFT on migration and invasion in PANC-1 cells. (A) The combined effects of migration and proliferation of EFT-treated PANC-1 cells were measured by a wound healing assay (magnification, ×40). (B) The migration distance was significantly decreased by EFT treatment. (C) Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of EFT for 24 h. The representative images of migrating cells at the bottom of the membrane stained with crystal violet and DAPI were visualized (magnification, ×100). (E) Cells were incubated with indicated concentrations of EFT for 24 h. Photographs illustrate cell invasion through the polycarbonate membrane stained by DAPI and crystal violet (magnification, ×100). (D and F) The stained cells were eluted by 33% glacial acetic acid for 20 min. The elution was measured at 570 nm to obtain the OD 570 values, which are normalized to that of the control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P<0.001, compared with control (0.1% DMSO only). Gemcitabine (1000 µg/mL) were used as the positive control