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Table 5 The impact of SP vs. PL on the markers

From: Effects of Spirulina supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial

Variables

Contrast

β (SE)

95% CI

P-value

ESR (mm/h)

SP vs. PL

0.42(0.08)#

0.26,0.58

< 0.001

SOD (U/mL)

SP vs. PL

0.12(0.11)

−0.09,0.34

0.252

MDA (nmol/mL)

SP vs. PL

0.60(0.08)

0.44,0.76

< 0.001

TAC (nmol/mL)

SP vs. PL

0.83(0.13)

0.60,1.10

< 0.001

Pentraxin 3 (ng/mL)

SP vs. PL

0.60(0.08)

0.42,0.75

< 0.001

Energy (kcal/day)

SP vs. PL

1.00(0.06)

0.88,1.13

< 0.001

Protein (g/day)

SP vs. PL

1.22(0.17)

0.87,1.60

< 0.001

Fat (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.82(0.11)

0.60,1.03

< 0.001

Saturated fats (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.74(0.15)

0.45,1.03

< 0.001

Polyunsaturated fats (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.53(0.10)

0.33, 0.73

< 0.001

Linoleic fat (g/day)

SP vs. PL

2.50(2.70)

−2.86, 7.82,5.90

0.357

Docosahexaenoic acid (g/day)

SP vs. PL

−66.55 (129.57)

− 324.98, 191.88

0.609

Sodium (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.85(0.092)

0.66,1.03

< 0.001

Iron (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

1.16(0.30)

0.56,1.76

< 0.001

Magnesium (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.79(0.09)

0.61,0.96

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.54(0.13)

0.29, 0.79

< 0.001

Manganese (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.54(0.08)

0.38,0.70

< 0.001

Fluoride (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.90(0.07)

0.76,1.03

< 0.001

Vitamin A (IU/day)

SP vs. PL

0.70(0.09)

0.49,0.86

< 0.001

Vitamin E (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.24(0.09)

0.06,0.42

0.008

B1(mg/day)

SP vs. PL

1.00(0.021)

0.96,1.04

< 0.001

B3 (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.90(0.04)

0.80,0.98

< 0.001

B9 (Ug/day)

SP vs. PL

0.68(0.08)

0.51,0.85

< 0.001

B5 (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.59(0.13)

0.33,0.86

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.97(0.07)

0.84,1.11

< 0.001

Vitamin K (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.74(0.07)

0.60,0.88

< 0.001

Soluble fiber (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.85(0.08)

0.70,1.00

< 0.001

Crude fiber (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.76(0.09)

0.57, 0.95

< 0.001

Glucose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.65(0.07)

0.50,0.80

< 0.001

Fructose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.64(0.08)

0.49,0.80

< 0.001

Lactose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.61(0.10)

0.40, 0.82

< 0.001

Tryptophan(mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.60(0.11)

0.35,0.80

< 0.001

Isoleucine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.54(0.11)

0.32,0.76

< 0.001

Lysine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.46(0.10)

0.25,0.67

< 0.001

Cystine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.65(0.11)

0.44,0.86

< 0.001

Tyrosine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.57(0.11)

0.35,0.78

< 0.001

Arginine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.78(0.12)

0.55, 1.01

< 0.001

Alanine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.77 (0.12)

0.54,1.00

< 0.001

Glutamine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.75(0.12)

0.51,0.98

< 0.001

Proline (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.68(0.10)

0.47,0.88

< 0.001

Ash (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.002(0.08)

−0.16,0.16

0.976

Carbohydrate (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.66(0.39)

−0.12, 1.44

0.097

Cholesterol (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.72(0.09)

0.55, 0.89

< 0.001

Monounsaturated fats (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.93(0.09)

0.74, 1.13

< 0.001

Oleic fat (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.03(0.03)

−0.02,0.09

0.238

Linolenic fat (g/day)

SP vs. PL

62.18 (25.30)

11.72, 112.65

−0.016

Docosahexaenoic acid (g/day)

SP vs. PL

−66.55(129.57)

−324.98,191.88

0.609

Potassium (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.73(0.10)

0.53,0.92

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.87(0.07)

0.74,1.00

< 0.001

Phosphorus (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.68(0.10)

0.48, 0.88

< 0.001

Copper (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.50(0.11)

0.27, 0.72

< 0.001

Selenium (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.50(0.12)

0.25,0.74

< 0.001

Chromium(mg/day)

SP vs. PL

−0.002(0.10)

−0.19, 0.19

0.986

Molybdenum (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.69(0.12)

0.45, 0.93

< 0.001

B 2 (mg/day

SP vs. PL

0.80(0.08)

0.65,0.95

< 0.001

B 6 (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.36(0.08)

0.19, 0.53

< 0.001

B12 (Ug/day)

SP vs. PL

0.50(0.08)

0.33,0.67

< 0.001

Biotin (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.73(0.07)

0.59,0.87

< 0.001

Vitamin D (μg/d)

SP vs. PL

0.01(0.06)

−0.11, 0.13

0.827

Dietary fiber (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.94(0.05)

0.84,1.04

< 0.001

Insoluble fiber (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.06(0.04)

−0.03,0.14

0.166

Sugar (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.77(0.08)

0.60,0.93

< 0.001

Galactose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.001(0.051)

−.10,0.10

0.990

Sucrose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.73(0.10)

0.52,0.93

< 0.001

Maltose (g/day)

SP vs. PL

0.00(0.03)

−0.05, 0.05

0.993

Threonine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.43(0.10)

0.24,0.62

< 0.001

Leucine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.63(0.12)

0.40,0.87

< 0.001

Methionine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.61(0.11)

0.40,0.83

< 0.001

Phenylalanine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.61(0.11)

0.39,0.82

< 0.001

Valine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.62(0.11)

0.39,0.84

< 0.001

Histidine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.52(0.11)

0.30,0.74

< 0.001

Aspartate (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.46(0.11)

0.24,0.68

< 0.001

Glycine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.48(0.11)

0.26,0.69

< 0.001

Serine (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.48(0.11)

0.26,0.69

< 0.001

Lutein (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.03(0.12)

−0.22, 0.28

0.820

Lycopene (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

1.00(0.014)

0.97,0.103

< 0.001

α-Carotene (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.97(0.05)

0.88,1.06

< 0.001

β-Carotene (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.94(0.12)

0.70,1.18

< 0.001

β-Cryptoxanthin (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.78(0.07)

0.65, 0.91

< 0.001

α-Tocopherol (mg/day)

SP vs. PL

0.81(0.04)

0.73,0.90

< 0.001

  1. # Parameter estimates with robust standard errors based on the original asymptotic or large sample robust, empirical, or “sandwich” estimator of the covariance matrix of the parameter estimates
  2. TAC total antioxidant capacity, MDA Malondialdehyde, SOD Superoxide dismutase, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, SCCAI Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, SP Spirulina, PL Placebo