Table 3 Nutrients intake, physical activity, and anthropometrics at pre and post intervention

Energy (kcal/day)

SP

2138.9 ± 540.5

2170.5 ± 659.3

0.520

PL

2104.9 ± 445.7

2118.4 ± 447.8

0.720

Carbohydrate (g/day)

SP

311.6 ± 105.1

308 ± 128.5

0.777

PL

325.7 ± 113.7

397.2 ± 496.8

0.390

Protein (g/day)

SP

91.39 ± 31.84

91.2 ± 29.5

0.978

PL

92.3 ± 25.1

102.8 ± 71

0.238

Fat (g/day)

SP

60.9 ± 19.7

67.6 ± 29.2

0.146

PL

59.6 ± 20.2

60.6 ± 22.1

0.587

Saturated fats (g/day)

SP

19.4 ± 7.3

21.7 ± 11.4

0.223

PL

20.5 ± 5.9

21.1 ± 7.1

0.370

Cholesterol (mg/day)

SP

406.1 ± 295

400.6 ± 285.4

0.893

PL

365.7 ± 188.8

380.9 ± 213.3

0.450

Linolenic fat (g/day)

SP

0.35 ± 0.32

13.3 ± 54.4

0.162

PL

0.35 ± 0.28

31.9 ± 76.3

0.016**

Linoleic fat (g/day)

SP

7.7 ± 4.5

32.1 ± 80.6

0.077

PL

7.8 ± 4.2

55.3 ± 112.9

0.014**

Eicosapentaenoic acid (g/day)

SP

0.04 ± 0.1

0.04 ± 0.11

0.949

PL

0.03 ± 0.1

0.06 ± 0.13

0.165

Docosahexaenoic acid (g/day)

SP

0.07 ± 0.16

37.7 ± 225.6

0.323

PL

0.07 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.3

0.104

Polyunsaturated fats (g/day)

SP

15.1 ± 10.9

17.1 ± 11.1

0.344

PL

12.3 ± 8.1

12.3 ± 7.6

0.928

Monounsaturated fats (g/day)

SP

19.5 ± 8

21.3 ± 10.6

0.184

PL

17.4 ± 6.8

18.4 ± 7.6

0.137

Dietary fiber (g/day)

SP

15.6 ± 7

16 ± 8.1

0.698

PL

17.9 ± 17.5

19 ± 17.7

0.206

Arginine (mg/day)

SP

433.87 ± 492.11

402.1 ± 569.6

0.600

PL

401.1 ± 391.4

527.3 ± 523.7

0.047**

Alanine (mg/day)

SP

401.3 ± 484.2

385.1 ± 564.1

0.734

PL

400 ± 390.3

524.6 ± 510.7

0.052

Glutamic Acid(mg/day)

SP

2064.4 ± 1770.6

1920.9 ± 2055.2

0.546

PL

1890.6 ± 1541.6

2458.6 ± 1966.8

0.011

Leucine (mg/day)

SP

5526.9 ± 1970.3

5361.9 ± 2220.4

0.626

PL

5388 ± 1407.3

5911.5 ± 1764.7

0.047**

Methionine (mg/day)

SP

1764.7 ± 704.8

1718.8 ± 734.3

0.701

PL

1705.2 ± 472.8

1812.1 ± 580.3

0.172

Calcium (mg/day)

SP

814.4 ± 269.7

697.4 ± 295.8*

0.003**

PL

891.7 ± 415.1

930.4 ± 417.1

0.181

Phosphorus (mg/day)

SP

1160.5 ± 416.8

1189.6 ± 493.9

0.682

PL

1202.3 ± 367.2

1279.5 ± 347.5

0.087

Iron (mg/day)

SP

16.48 ± 5.58

17.2 ± 6.6

0.330

PL

18.8 ± 5.3

21.6 ± 20.2

0.365

Copper (mg/day)

SP

1.1 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.6

0.245

PL

1.1 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

0.157

Magnesium (mg/day)

SP

208.6 ± 83.1

213.8 ± 84.2*

0.627

PL

238.9 ± 64.9

252.7 ± 74.6

0.082

Zinc (mg/day)

SP

8.77 ± 2.7

9.6 ± 3.4

0.193

PL

9.8 ± 2.5

10.1 ± 2.7

0.334

Selenium (mg/day)

SP

0.11 ± 0.05

0.1 ± 0.05

0.220

PL

0.09 ± 0.04

0.1 ± 0.06

0.037**

B6 (mg/day)

SP

1.3 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.6

0.562

PL

1.6 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.5

0.283

B9 (Ug/day)

SP

301 ± 150

237.6 ± 118.7*

0.005**

PL

311.5 ± 128.

319.4 ± 152.1

0.570

B12 (Ug/day)

SP

4.5 ± 2.3

4.4 ± 2.3

0.736

PL

4.8 ± 2.3

4.6 ± 1.6

0.495

Vitamin C (mg/day)

SP

152.7 ± 72.1

102.3 ± 82

< 0.001**

PL

143.4 ± 109.2

148.8 ± 122.8

0.573

Vitamin E (mg/day)

SP

2.7 ± 1.8

1.9 ± 1

0.014**

PL

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 1.1

0.435

Lutein (mg/day)

SP

890.5 ± 524.6

772.3 ± 436

0.349

PL

804.8 ± 447.9

868.1 ± 559.9

0.539

Lycopene (mg/day)

SP

1505.7 ± 1124.9

1481 ± 1148.3

0.421

PL

1543.4 ± 1993.3

1518.2 ± 2001.9

0.461

α–Carotene (mg/day)

SP

1815.6 ± 1436.2

1737.1 ± 1474.6

0.186

PL

1878.2 ± 980.4

1755.3 ± 1059.3

0.197

β-Carotene (mg/day)

SP

207.1 ± 124.7

238.5 ± 156

0.085

PL

217.7 ± 62.9

263.3 ± 112.4

0.004**

β-Cryptoxanthin (mg/day)

SP

90.4 ± 78.2

74.8 ± 72.5

0.167

PL

93.5 ± 75.8

101 ± 75.8

< 0.001**

α-Tocopherol (mg/day)

SP

4.4 ± 1.3

4.6 ± 1.1

0.073

PL

4.1 ± 1.3

4.4 ± 1.2

0.010**

Physical activity level (MET/h/day)

SP

24.6 ± 1.6

24.64 ± 1.7

0.955

PL

23.9 ± 1.9

23.8 ± 1.9

0.413

Wieght (kg)

SP

72.3 ± 13.5

72.8 ± 13.9

0.028**

PL

69.7 ± 14.5

70 ± 14.4

0.156

BMI (kg.m⁻²)

SP

26 ± 4.4

26.2 ± 4.5

0.021**

PL

25.6 ± 5.5

25.7 ± 5.5

0.141

WHR

SP

0.91 ± 0.07

0.91 ± 0.07

0.339

PL

0.91 ± 0.09

0.91 ± 0.09

0.416