Fig. 4

A and B Human HT-29 cells were analyzed after EO treatment at the indicated concentration for MMP9 and KLF2 mRNA expression by qPCR (n = 3/ cell line). Expression was compared to control DMSO group (0 μg/ml). Data are expressed as mean +/− SD. **p 0.01; *p 0.05 (Student’s t-test). C hypothesized mechanism by which EO inhibits HT-29 cell growth by upregulating KLF2 and inhibiting MMP9. Abbreviations: MMP9, Matrix metalloprotrinase-9; EO, essential oil; KLF2, Kruppel-like transcription factor 2