Table 3 Characteristics of included clinical trial studies in the systematic review of EPO effectiveness (topically administered) on inflammatory diseases
No. | Author | Type and duration of disease | Number of participants | Female/Male ratio | Age | Type of intervention and dosage | Duration of intervention | Outcome | side effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | control | Intervention | control | Intervention | control | Intervention | control | ||||||
1 | Gehringa [51] | Atopic dermatitis | 10 | 10 | 4/6 | 8/2 | average age of 25.1 years (range: 19 to 42 years; median of 24 years) | mean age of 22.9 years (range: 18 to 42 years; median of 23.5 years) | entire flexor side, morning and evening (emulsion 1) | emulsion 2 | 5 weeks (4 weeks treatment) | However, the present study is characterized by the fact that a statistically significant stabilizing effect on barrier performance was observed with the EPO fraction relative to the vehicle, recorded as a decrease in TEWL. The peak effect was not evident for 5 weeks, including a 1-week treatment-free period. Therefore, this study proves that the onset of a long-term interaction with the lipids of the epidermal barrier is slow beyond the physical properties of EPO. Unlike water-in-oil emulsions, amphiphilic oil-in-water emulsions are unsuitable vehicles for EPO because no effect was demonstrated above and beyond that vehicle alone | - |
2 | OLIWIF.CKl [52] | Epidermal atrophy/ healthy volunteers | 12 | 12 | 21–54 years | two tubes of cream, one to be applied to the right forearm and one to the left (twice daily) cream B: betamethasone valerate + EPO and Cream A: betamethasone valerate | two tubes of cream, one to be applied to the right forearm and one to the left (twice daily) cream c: arachis oil) and Cream A: betamethasone valerate | 3 weeks | when creams A and H (betamethason EPO) were compared, no significant difference was observed in the thickness of the epidermis (P > 0–2) | - | |||
3 | Ratz-Łyko1 [53] | healthy volunteers | 15 | 18–55 years | Twice a day on skin area Oenothera biennis and borago officinalis | Twice a day on skin area Nigella sativa seedcake extracts and placebo | 6 weeks | Reducing skin irritation and improving skin hydration and epidermal barrier function | - | ||||