Table 4 Combination effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of punicalagin combined with minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics
Sr. No. | Antibiotics | Code (μg/disc) | Increase in fold area by adding punicalagin (30, 100, 500 μg/disc) (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. typhimurium | S. typhi | E. coli | |||||||||
|  |  |  | 30 μg/disc | 100 μg/disc | 500 μg/disc | 30 μg/disc | 100 μg/disc | 500 μg/disc | 30 μg/disc | 100 μg/disc | 500 μg/disc |
1 | Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim | SXT 23.75/1.25 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 63.8 ± 11.3 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
2 | Nalidixic acid | NA 30 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
3 | Ampicillin | AMP 10 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 39 ± 4.0 | 0 ± 0 | 73.8 ± 8.4 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
40 | Chloramphenicol | C 30 | 0 ± 0 | 9.7 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 2.7 | 0 ± 0 | 26.7 ± 3.15 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 |
5 | Aztreonam | ATM 30 | 62.7 ± 4.6 | 31.2 ± 13.0 | 34 ± 3.8 | 35.81 ± 6.4 | 35.8 ± 5.5 | 27.2 ± 3.6 | 26.5 ± 0 | 31.33 ± 3.9 | 4.2 ± 3.5 |
6 | Amoxicillin clavulanic acid | AMC 30 | 14.1 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 4.0 | 4.9 ± 4.0 | 54.3 ± 4.2 | 0 ± 0 | 7.3 ± 6.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | (−) 25.9 ± 0.4 |
7 | Gentamicin | GEN 10 | 0 ± 0 | (−) 51.7 ± 8.4 | (−) 89.1 ± 0.6 | 0 ± 0 | (−) 65.3 ± 3.9 | (−) 65.3 ± 3.9 | (−) 8.8 ± 7.2 | (−) 8.8 ± 7.2 | (−) 8.8 ± 7.2 |
8 | Ceftriaxone | CRO 30 | 0 ± 0 | 26.4 ± 3.9 | 22.2 ± 0.5 | 0 ± 0 | 11.8 ± 0.1 | 47.1 ± 4.4 | 55.6 ± 9.3 | 32.9 ± 13.4 | 0 ± 0 |
9 | Ciprofloxacin | CIP 5 | (−) 55.3 ± 3.3 | (−) 59.5 ± 3.9 | (−) 59.5 ± 0 | (−) 2.22 ± 1.8 | (−) 14.5 ± 2.9 | (−) 19.9 ± 2.9 | (−) 65.3 ± 3.9 | (−) 65.3 ± 3.9 | (−) 65.3 ± 3.9 |