Table 5 Effect of the hydrogel formulations (F1-F4) on serum levels of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA & NO), inflammatory (NF-Kβ & MPO) and amino acids of collagen markers in circular excision wound model (n = 10)

7th day

G (1)

Normal control

2.45 ± 0.27^c

3.22 ± 0.47^a

35.79 ± 2.23^a

607 ± 30.2^a

0.48 ± 0.057^b

60.75 ± 4.78^c

20.47 ± 2.48^b

9.90 ± 0.61^c

G (2)

Positive control

0.82 ± 0.14^e

7.68 ± 0.57^c

133.8 ± 15.5^c

1591 ± 84.2^c

5.74 ± 0.828^d

19.63 ± 1.50^d

8.08 ± 0.90^c

3.50 ± 0.36^d

G (3)

Vehicle

1.01 ± 0.11^d

8.11 ± 0.91^a

112.2 ± 12.9^b

1639 ± 86^a

4.1 ± 0.391^b

24.28 ± 2.19^ef

8.29 ± 0.86^d

3.95 ± 0.44d^e

G (4)

Panthenol gel

2.82 ± 0.07 ^c

2.84 ± 0.06 ^a

28.38 ± 0.44^a

612 ± 33.1^a

0.53 ± 0.01^a

62.55 ± 1.84^c

23.5 ± 0.63^b

10.94 ± 0.27^a

G (5)

F1

2.97 ± 0.08^c

2.57 ± 0.05 ^ab

24.57 ± 0.72^b

530 ± 24 ^b

0.38 ± 0.01^b

66.93 ± 2.38^b

25.47 ± 0.37^a

11.21 ± 0.24^a

G (6)

F2

2.84 ± 0.09 ^a

2.74 ± 0.07 ^b

26.35 ± 0.5 ^b

535 ± 26.2 ^b

0.46 ± 0.01^c

65.21 ± 2.06^a

25.17 ± 0.63^a

11 ± 0.21^a

G (7)

F3

2.56 ± 0.08 ^d

2.82 ± 0.07 ^a

31.79 ± 0.69^a

576 ± 24.4 ^a

0.47 ± 0.01^b

61.05 ± 1.95^c

22.55 ± 0.58^b

10.15 ± 0.25^a

G (8)

F4

3.25 ± 0.08 ^b

2.43 ± 0.07 ^b

24.54 ± 0.55^b

514 ± 24.3^ab

0.3 ± 0.01^c

70.28 ± 1.9^b

26.99 ± 0.68^a

11.28 ± 0.36^a

14th day

G (1)

Normal control

2.57 ± 0.24^c

2.67 ± 0.32^a

28.65 ± 2.54^a

578 ± 27.3^a

0.39 ± 0.055^a

67.28 ± 6.59^d

22.43 ± 3.12^d

10.7 ± 0.70^b

G (2)

Positive control

0.91 ± 0.20^d

6.39 ± 0.51^c

103.6 ± 11.9^c

1363 ± 74.4^c

4.49 ± 0.879^c

21.18 ± 1.75^e

8.77 ± 1.51^e

3.82 ± 0.48^c

G (3)

Vehicle

1.14 ± 0.18^d

6.74 ± 0.83^a

88.09 ± 6.49^b

1335 ± 72.2^a

3.23 ± 0.357^b

26.65 ± 2.73^de

9.01 ± 0.93^d

4.49 ± 0.38d^e

G (4)

Panthenol gel

3.37 ± 0.12^b

2.47 ± 0.04^a

27.11 ± 0.68^a

558 ± 24.9^a

0.43 ± 0.01^a

73.87 ± 1.86^c

27.15 ± 0.8^c

13.31 ± 0.34^a

G (5)

F1

3.76 ± 0.08^b

2.18 ± 0.08^b

22.63 ± 0.63^b

488 ± 24.4^b

0.33 ± 0.01^a

79.7 ± 2.09^b

31.63 ± 0.72^ab

13.49 ± .16^ab

G (6)

F2

3.4 ± 0.09^a

2.28 ± 0.03^b

22.98 ± 0.57^b

491 ± 19.9^b

0.4 ± 0.01^b

76.22 ± 2.07^a

31.02 ± .51^ab

12.54 ± 0.26^a

G (7)

F3

2.87 ± 0.04^c

2.52 ± 0.03^a

27.23 ± 0.54^a

518 ± 21.7^a

0.41 ± 0.01^a

76.17 ± 2.75^b

29.54 ± .64^bc

11.55 ± 0.32^b

G (8)

F4

4.17 ± 0.1^b

2.15 ± 0.05^b

21.36 ± 0.56^b

424 ± 26.8^b

0.29 ± 0^b

81.72 ± 1.55^a

33.54 ± 0.3^a

13.99 ± 0.31^a