Fig. 4

Induction of the CD69 cellular activation marker on immune cell subsets in human PBMC cultures. The PBMC cultures were treated for 24 h in the presence of serial dilutions of Trametes versicolor mycelium (TvM), fermented substrate (FS), or initial substrate (IS). The percent change when compared to untreated control cultures is shown for T lymphocytes (a-b), NKT cells (c-d), and NK cells (e-f). The effects of aqueous extracts are shown in a, c, and e, and the effects of the solid fractions are shown in B, d, and f. Data are shown for three doses tested (0.08, 0.4, and 2 mg/mL), where the doses represent the amount of starting material used to produce a given fraction. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of the percent change seen in triplicate cultures, and represents one of three separate experiments using PBMC cells from three different healthy human donors. Positive controls included LPS and IL-2. The mean ± standard deviation percent change induced by LPS were 19 ± 2.1% for T lymphocytes, 54 ± 8.3% for NKT cells, and 114 ± 10% for NK cells. The mean ± standard deviation percent change induced by IL-2 were 39 ± 0.9% for T lymphocytes, 150 ± 25% for NKT cells, and 446 ± 60.0% for NK cells. Inserted tables: Statistical significance is indicated as * for P < 0.05 and ** for P < 0.01