Extracts yield and composition | Ammi visnaga extract (AVE) | Petroselinum crispum extract (PCE) | Hordeum vulgare extract (HVE) | Cymbopogon schoenanthus extract (CSE) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yield (g%) | 8.28 ± 0.88c | 17.86 ± 0.74a | 12.27 ± 0.44b | 10.93 ± 0.50b |
Phenolics (mg 4-HCA eq/g extract) | 366.42 ± 3.89a | 99.84 ± 28.11c | 248.16 ± 5.82b | 210.35 ± 31.99b |
Flavonoids (mg catechin eq/g extract) | 260.42 ± 3.46a | 30.86 ± 0.89b | 9.64 ± 0.10c | 9.645 ± 0.34c |
Anthocyanins (mg Cy-3-glc eq/g extract) | 0.75 ± 0.08c | 0.59 ± 0.09d | 1.08 ± 0.08a | 1.04 ± 0.12b |
Flavonols (mg QR eq/g extract) | 3.92 ± 0.00a | 1.49 ± 0.71b | 0.98 ± 0.19b | 0.20 ± 0.08b |
Tannins (mg catechin eq/ g extract) | 192.50 ± 27.50a | 76.25 ± 0.00b | 41.87 ± 1.87b | 43.75 ± 10.00b |
Triterpenoids (mg UA eq/ g extract) | 0.76 ± 0.08b | 1.78 ± 0.04a | 0.45 ± 0.02c | 0.34 ± 0.02c |
Vitamin C (mg/g extract) | 0.75 ± 0.01d | 4.16 ± 0.50b | 2.18 ± 0.02c | 11.44 ± 0.10a |
Phenolics, mg/g extract (RT, min) | ||||
Gallic acid (4.276) | 0.04 ± 0.00 b | 0.06 ± 0.00 a | ND | ND |
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (9.631) | 0.43 ± 0.01 a | 0.04 ± 0.00 b | ND | 0.03 ± 0.00 c |
Caffeine (10.264) | 0.28 ± 0.00 a | ND | ND | 0.18 ± 0.00 b |
Vanillic acid (10.923) | 0.28 ± 0.00 a | 0.18 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.13 ± 0.00 c |
Caffeic acid (11.230) | ND | 0.23 ± 0.01 b | ND | 0.67 ± 0.00 a |
Syringic acid (11.779) | ND | ND | 0.01 ± 0.00 | ND |
Vanillin (12.911) | 0.27 ± 0.00 a | 0.12 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.06 ± 0.00 c |
p-Coumaric acid (14.418) | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 b | 0.001 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 c |
Ferulic acid (15.458) | 1.73 ± 0.01 a | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 c | 0.30 ± 0.04 b |
Catechol (8.052) | 0.77 ± 0.03 a | 0.02 ± 0.00 c | ND | 0.09 ± 0.00 b |
Ellagic acid (16.314) | 3.09 ± 0.00 a | ND | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.04 ± 0.00 b |
Benzoic acid (17.413) | 24.89 ± 1.64 a | 1.17 ± 0.04 b | ND | 0.47 ± 0.00 c |
o-Coumaric acid (18.138) | 0.70 ± 0.01 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 b | ND | 0.01 ± 0.00 b |
Salicylic acid (19.561) | 0.43 ± 0.04 a | ND | ND | 0.04 ± 0.00 b |
Cinnamic acid (22.793) | 3.65 ± 0.16 a | 0.02 ± 0.00 c | ND | 0.08 ± 0.00 b |