Neutralization of cholera toxin by Rosaceae family plant extracts

Table 5 Summary of beneficial plant extract effects^{a, b}

extract	Blocking of CTX binding to GM₁ (ELISA)^c;d	Blocking of CTB binding to GM₁ (ELISA)^c;d	Blocking of CTB binding (cell assay)	Blocking of CTB internalization (cell assay)^c	Level of cAMP after CTX and plant extract treating^e	Interaction with CTX by SDS-PAGE^f	Pass^g
agrimony	0.64	< 0.08	1.25	1.25	33	aggregation	Yes
blackberry leaf	0.32	< 0.08	2.5	1.25	6.7	aggregation	Yes
raspberry leaf	0.32	0.16	No	5.0	7.1	aggregation	Yes
rosehip	> 2.5^g	1.25	No	10	35.8	dissociation	Yes
wild strawberry leaf	0.64	0.32	2.5	1.25	9.7	aggregation	Yes

^aEntries in bold indicate positive effects at, or below, traditional doses
^bAt least 50% Inhibition of harmful bacteria growth using traditional extract concentrations but no inhibition of beneficial L. rhamnosus
^cValues in mg/mL applied plant extract
^dInhibition at least 50% toxin bound to ganglioside GM₁
^eValues in % compared to untreated cells (100%)
^fEffect seen at 1.3 or 2.6 mg/mL concentration of plant extract
^gMay attain 50% inhibition of toxin with traditional doses in the 4–10 mg/mL range

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