Fig. 6

Plant extract effects on the prevention of binding cholera toxin to cellular receptors or its internalization. Fluorescent microscope assay showing the CTB-FITC (green) labeling of fibroblasts after incubation with 2.5 and 1.25 mg/mL of: a agrimony, b blackberry leaf, c raspberry leaf, d rosehip; 2.5 and 10 mg/mL, and e wild strawberry leaf; 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL . As controls f, we used (1) untreated cells and (2) incubated only with CTB FITC and g incubated with 1.25 or 2.5 mg/mL gallic acid, and CTB-FITC. The nuclei of the analyzed cells were stained by DAPI (blue). The red arrows show toxin accumulated in the Golgi apparatus (see Additional file 2 for co-localization with a Golgi marker), while white arrows show toxin bound to the cell surface. Scale bar is 10 μm