Study | Findings & Proposed mechanisms |
---|---|
Wang 2004 [11] | • Reduced NO, NOS and MDA • Increased SOD and GSH-Px |
Shao 2008 [13] | Increased AVP and SS |
Wang 2009 [14] | • Up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 • Counter-regulated the pro-apoptotic Bax |
Wei 2011 [15] | Promoting synaptic function and structure |
Zhao 2011 [16] | Enhanced hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities |
Zhu 2011 [17] | Inhibiting expression of p53 and Noxa |
Zhu 2012 [18] | Increased p70S6K and ribosomal protein S6 |
Zhu 2013 [19] | Increased mTOR and eIF4E |
Yang 2014 [20] | Increased hippocampal ACh, DA, and 5-HT |
Zhang 2014 [21] | Increased CBF |
Li 2015 [22] | Increase pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area |
Li 2015 [23] | • Inhibited PDE activity • Activated ERK and cAMP/PKA/CREB |
Wang 2015 [24] | Enhanced Nrf2 |
Fang 2016 [25] | Decreased TNF-α mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and IL-1β mRNA |
Li 2016 [26] | • Increased complex I, II, IV and cox IV • Decreased ROS |