Fig. 2

Protective effect of AE leaf extracts against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. (a) Relative MTT viability of HT22 cells exposed to various concentrations of AEH or AEE. (b) Relative MTT viability of HT22 cells exposed to 5 mM glutamate alone or glutamate combined with different concentrations of extracts for 24 h. (c) Relative LDH release from HT22 cells exposed to similar treatment conditions as in (b). (d) Representative morphological images at 5X magnification of untreated HT22 cells (control), or cells treated with glutamate alone or with glutamate plus either AEH or AEE at 50 μg/mL. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM, ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 vs. control; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. glutamate alone