Significance of serum ferritin as a prognostic factor in advanced hepatobiliary cancer patients treated with Korean medicine: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors affecting overall survival of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers (n = 80)

Variables	Values	Univariate		Multivariate
Variables	Values	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Clinicopathological factors
Age (years)	< 65 vs. ≥65	1.45 (0.91–2.33)	0.121	0.96 (0.56–1.65)	0.880
Gender	Male vs. Female	1.51 (0.93–2.45)	0.096	1.55 (0.86–2.78)	0.144
ECOG-PS	0–1 vs. 2	2.67 (1.44–4.92)	0.002	2.61 (1.26–5.44)	0.010
BMI (kg/m²)	< 23 vs. ≥23	0.70 (0.44–1.11)	0.127
Tumor Type	HCC vs. BTC or cHCC-CC	2.50 (1.49–4.19)	0.001	2.18 (1.15–4.15)	0.018
Previous anticancer therapy	Yes vs. No	1.77 (1.08–2.89)	0.023	1.01 (0.53–1.90)	0.980
Prior surgery	Yes vs. No	0.77 (0.49–1.21)	0.250
Prior chemotherapy	No vs. Yes	1.31 (0.82–2.08)	0.260
Prior radiotherapy	No vs. Yes	1.12 (0.62–2.00)	0.710
Biochemical factors
Ferritin (ng/mL)	Low^a vs. High^b	2.47 (1.54–3.96)	< 0.001	1.96 (1.03–3.73)	0.041
Hb (g/dL)	High^c vs. Low^d	2.24 (1.35–3.73)	0.002	1.50 (0.81–2.79)	0.200
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	≤1.2 vs. > 1.2	2.44 (1.37–4.35)	0.002	2.02 (1.00–4.07)	0.051
AST (IU/L)	< 40 vs. ≥40	1.56 (0.99–2.47)	0.058
ALT (IU/L)	< 40 vs. ≥40	0.85 (0.53–1.36)	0.500
γ-GT (IU/L)	≤66 vs. > 66	1.98 (1.20–3.25)	0.007	0.91 (0.46–1.80)	0.790
PT INR	≤1.16 vs. > 1.16	1.33 (0.81–2.19)	0.260
Albumin (g/dL)	≥3.5 vs. < 3.5	2.16 (1.18–3.98)	0.013	1.64 (0.77–3.49)	0.198
WBC (×10³/μL)	< 10.0 vs. ≥10.0	2.98 (1.49–5.98)	0.002	1.80 (0.79–4.11)	0.165
CRP (mg/L)	< 10.0 vs. ≥10.0	3.23 (1.99–5.25)	< 0.001	2.12 (1.20–3.76)	0.010

ECOG-PS Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status, BMI body mass index, Hb hemoglobin, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, γ-GT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, PT INR prothrombin time international normalized ratio, WBC white blood cell, CRP c-reactive protein, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, BTC biliary tract cancers, cHCC-CC combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, CI confidence interval
^a female≤150 male≤200, ^b female> 150 male> 200, ^c female ≥12.0 male ≥13.0, ^d female < 12.0 male < 13.0

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