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Table 5 Synthesis of main results concerning the assessment of clinical and genomic safety of subjects treated with IDN 5933

From: Clinical and genomic safety of treatment with Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract (IDN 5933/Ginkgoselect®Plus) in elderly: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial [GiBiEx]

Safety threat

Assessment

Marker

Results

Interpretation

Clinical adverse effects

Diary of adverse effects / clinical records at T0 and T1

Treatment associated symptoms / Unexpected symptoms

1 death unrelated to treatment No symptoms associated to treatment

No occurrence of clinical symptoms associated to the treatment

Liver injury

Laboratory testing at T0 and T1

ALT – AST – γGT

No new subjects reported pathological exams at T1

No liver injury associated to the treatment

Genomic instability

Laboratory testing at T0 and T1

Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay

No increase of mean MN frequency in subjects treated with IDN 5933 [MR = 0.98; 0.84–1.16]

No increase of genomic instability associated to the treatment

DNA damage

Laboratory testing at T0 and T1

Comet assay

No increase of mean TI% damage in subjects treated with IDN 5933 [MR = 0.96; 0.64–1.40]

No increase of DNA damage associate to the treatment

Modulation of genes involved in liver carcinogenesis

Laboratory testing at T0 and T1

c-myb – p53 – ctnnb1 expression level [mRNA level]

No association with treatment

No altered expression of liver cancer genes associated to the treatment