Fig. 4

Quantitative flow cytometric analysis of apoptotic cells in HT22 cells. HT22 cells were exposed to 5 mM glutamate alone or glutamate in combination with 50 μg/mL SA-EE for 18 h before staining with FITC-conjugated annexin V and PI. H₂O₂-treated cells were used as a positive control. Percentages of apoptotic cells were detected using flow cytometric analysis of annexin V-positive/PI–negative cells (early stage, lower right quadrant) plus annexin V/PI–positive cells (late stage, upper right quadrant) (a). Representative scatter plots show the distribution of annexin V and PI staining for control and treated cells (b). All data are shown as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. ^### P < 0.001 vs. control; ***P < 0.001 vs. glutamate alone