Effect of tualang honey against KA-induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the cortex of rats

Table 4 Effect of KA-induced excitotoxicity on TAS level in the cerebral cortex

Subgroups	TAS (nanomoles/g wet tissue) Median (IqR) (n = 6)					Kruskal-Wallis test (N = 30)
Subgroups	CONTROL	KA	TH + KA	TPM + KA	ASP + KA	χ2 stat (df)	p value
2H	789.62 (31.05)	595.83 (45.37)^a	668.80 (17.05)^a,b	643.11 (21.43)^a,b,c	633.84 (27.71)^a,b,c	25.13 (4)	0.0000
24H	798.16 (17.27)	533.40 (18.52)^a	631.66 (29.97)^a,b	643.32 (54.40)^a,b	601.23 (33.85)^a,b,c	23.69 (4)	0.0001
48H	797.59 (26.24)	578.87 (8.92)^a	657.57 (34.49)^a,b	664.97 (41.12)^a,b	622.71 (20.48)^a,b,c	25.36 (4)	0.0000

The results were expressed as the median (IqR). The significant difference was determined by non-parametric test, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U post-hoc test with p < 0.05 indicates statistically significant difference. ^a p < 0.05 versus control group (MW); ^b p < 0.05 versus KA group (MW); ^c p < 0.05 versus KA + TH group (MW)

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