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Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the selected articles

From: Complementary medicine use by the Australian population: a critical mixed studies systematic review of utilisation, perceptions and factors associated with use

Risk of bias assessment

External validity

Internal validity

Score

Representativeness to national population

True representation of the target population

Random sampling methods

Likelihood of nonresponse bias minimal

Data directly collected from participants

Acceptable case definition

Validated study tool used

Consistent data collections methods

Appropriate prevalence period

Appropriate parameters of numerator & denominator

Summary of overall risk of study bias

Adams et al., 2003 [27]

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

10

Adams et al., 2005 [75]

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

 

9

Adams et al., 2007 [47]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

9

Adams et al., 2011 [49]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

 

8

Adams et al., 2012 [55]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

10

Adams et al., 2013 [73]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Alderman & Kiepfer, 2003 [86]

    

X

  

X

X

  

3

Basedow et al., 2014 [46]

  

X

 

X

 

X

X

 

X

 

5

Braun & Cohen, 2011 [59]

    

X

X

 

X

 

X

X

5

Broom et al., 2012a [68]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

10

Broom et al., 2012b [77]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

10

Brownie, 2006 [71]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

 

X

 

5

Buchbinder et al., 2002 [72]

  

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

 

X

7

Canaway & Manderson, 2013 [28]

  

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

7

Chatfield et al., 2009 [80]

    

X

X

 

X

X

X

 

5

Correa-Velez et al., 2003 [65]

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

 

7

Correa-Velez et al., 2005 [66]

    

X

  

X

   

2

D’Onise et al., 2013 [31]

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

11

Day, 2002 [82]

     

X

 

X

 

X

 

3

Day et al., 2004 [39]

    

X

      

1

De Visser et al., 2000 [56]

    

X

 

X

X

   

3

Dunning, 2003 [38]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Edwards et al., 2014 [35]

 

X

 

X

X

 

X

X

 

X

 

6

Feldman & Laura, 2004 [44]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Field et al., 2008 [57]

 

X

  

X

  

X

  

X

4

Fong & Fong, 2002 [43]

       

X

 

X

 

2

Forster et al., 2006 [70]

   

X

X

 

X

X

 

X

 

5

Frawley et al., 2013 [29]

X

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

10

George et al., 2004 [60]

    

X

X

 

X

   

3

Gollschewski et al., 2004 [87]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

 

X

 

5

Heath et al., 2012 [69]

       

X

 

X

X

3

Hunter et al., 2014 [37]

 

X

  

X

  

X

 

X

X

5

Klafke et al., 2012 [36]

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

5

Kremser et al., 2008 [53]

    

X

  

X

  

X

3

Leong et al., 2009 [84]

 

X

  

X

  

X

  

X

4

Lim et al., 2005 [42]

     

X

 

X

X

X

 

4

MacLennan et al., 2006 [34]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Magin et al., 2006 [63]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Mak & Faux, 2010 [52]

 

X

X

 

X

X

 

X

   

5

Markovic et al., 2006 [51]

    

X

X

 

X

   

3

Murthy et al.,2014a [74]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Murthy et al., 2014b [95]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

O’Callaghan

& Jordan, 2003 [96]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Patching van der Sluijs, et al., 2007 [50]

    

X

  

X

X

X

X

5

Rayner et al., 2009 [54]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Sarris et al., 2010 [76]

 

X

  

X

  

X

X

  

4

Shenfield et al., 2002 [58]

 

X

     

X

   

2

Shorofi & Arbon, 2010 [45]

 

X

  

X

  

X

 

X

 

4

Sibbritt et al., 2006 [79]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

9

Sibbritt et al., 2013 [62]

X

X

X

X

X

 

X

X

X

X

 

9

Sinha & Efron, 2005 [40]

 

X

     

X

 

X

 

3

Skouteris et al., 2008 [97]

 

X

  

X

  

X

X

 

X

5

Smith & Eckert, 2006 [67]

 

X

 

X

X

  

X

X

X

 

6

Smith et al., 2013 [85]

 

X

  

X

  

X

X

X

X

6

Spinks et al., 2014 [83]

X

X

X

 

X

 

X

X

X

X

X

9

Stankiewicz et al., 2007 [48]

 

X

  

X

  

X

X

 

X

5

Steel et al., 2012 [64]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Steel et al., 2014a [98]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Steel et al., 2014b [99]

X

X

X

X

X

  

X

X

X

X

9

Trutnovsky et al., 2001 [78]

    

X

  

X

   

2

Wadhera et al., 2011 [41]

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

5

Wilkinson & Simpson, 2001 [32]

  

X

 

X

  

X

X

  

4

Wilkinson & Jelinek, 2009 [33]

    

X

 

X

X

X

  

4

Xue et al., 2007 [30]

X

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

7

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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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