Fig. 4

Serum glucose levels and area under the curve of glucose and insulin during insulin tolerance test (ITT). Control, OVX rats fed a high-fat diet with 2 % dextrin; APP, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Artemisia princeps Pamp water extract; LJH, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Leonurus japonicas Houtt water extract; GJE, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 2 % Gardenia jasminoides Ellis water extract; positive-control, OVX rats fed a high fat diet with 30 μg/kg body weight 17β-estradiol + 2 % dextrose. At three days after OGTT, after the withdrawal of food for 6 h serum glucose levels were measured every 15 min for 90 min after intraperitoneal insulin injection (0.75 U/kg body weight). During ITT area under the curve (AUC) of serum glucose in the first part (0–30 min) and second part (30–90 min). Bars and error bars represent means ± SD (n = 12). ^*Significantly different among groups in one-way ANOVA at p < 0.05. ^a,b,c Significantly different among all groups by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05