Fig. 9

S-DCs of HemoHIM-oral administration mice induced the activation of antigen-specific T cells. OVA-specific T cells co-cultured for 48 h with s-DCs of each group pulsed with OVA (100 μg/ml). a The proliferation of OVA-specific T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. b Culture supernatants were harvested after 24 h, and IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA. Results are representative of three experiments. ⁺, p < 0.05, ⁺⁺, p < 0.01, and ⁺⁺⁺, p < 0.001 vs. OVA-specific T cells co-cultured with untreated s-DC. ^*, p < 0.05, ^**, p < 0.01, and ^***, p < 0.001 vs. OVA-specific T cells co-cultured with OVA-pulsed DCs of control group. Not detection (N.D) showed less than 10 pg/ml of cytokine secretion in this experiment