Antibacterial effect of crude extract and metabolites of Phytolacca americana on pathogens responsible for periodontal inflammatory diseases and dental caries

Table 1 Antibacterial activity of crude extract and fractions of Phytolacca americana against the tested bacteria

Plant fractions	Concentration	*P. gingivalis*	*S. mutans*	*E. coli* DH5α
Plant fractions		Growth inhibition (%)
Crude extract	0.2 mg/mL	88 ± 19.06^b*#	13 ± 21.66^yz	2 ± 3.94
	0.6 mg/mL	100 ± 0.39^a	35 ± 25.01^xy	3 ± 3.20
	1.8 mg/mL	100 ± 0.41^a	44 ± 35.29^x	6 ± 4.45
	MIC	0.2 mg/mL	1.8 mg/mL	-
Hexane Fr.	0.008 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	2 ± 16.46^z	0 ± 0.00
	0.04 mg/mL	26 ± 2.36^d	0 ± 0.00^z	0 ± 0.00
	0.2 mg/mL	92 ± 0.56^ab	62 ± 1.49^x	0 ± 0.00
	MIC	0.2 mg/mL	0.2 mg/mL	-
CHCl₃ Fr.	0.008 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	0 ± 0.00^z	0 ± 0.00
	0.04 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	0 ± 0.00^z	0 ± 0.00
	0.2 mg/mL	91 ± 2.00^ab	56 ± 10.52^x	0 ± 0.00
	MIC	0.2 mg/mL	0.2 mg/mL	-
EtOAc Fr.	0.008 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	0 ± 0.00^z	7 ± 1.90
	0.04 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	1 ± 0.00^z	2 ± 1.38
	0.2 mg/mL	46 ± 5.63^c	0 ± 0.00^z	0 ± 0.00
BuOH Fr.	0.008 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	0 ± 0.00^z	10 ± 0.83
	0.04 mg/mL	0 ± 0.00^e	0 ± 0.00^z	6 ± 1.05
	0.2 mg/mL	4 ± 1.55^e	0 ± 0.00^z	0 ± 0.00

^*Data are expressed as the mean ± SD.
^#Values in the same column with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.001).

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