From: A forced titration study of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Ambrotose AO supplement
Secondary Outcome Measures | Â | Â | Non Smoker | Smoker | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | N | Mean | SD | Min | Max | N | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
Mature t cell Number | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 1.52 | 0.31 | 1.10 | 1.77 | 3 | 2.18 | 0.62 | 1.74 | 2.62 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 1.56 | 0.31 | 1.19 | 1.99 | 3 | 1.75 | 0.07 | 1.68 | 1.82 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 1.56 | 0.29 | 1.23 | 1.82 | 3 | 1.97 | 0.28 | 1.69 | 2.25 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 1.50 | 0.40 | 1.12 | 1.99 | 3 | 1.81 | 0.16 | 1.63 | 1.94 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 1.56 | 0.56 | 1.11 | 2.31 | 3 | 1.93 | 0.25 | 1.64 | 2.12 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 1.65 | 0.54 | 1.21 | 2.37 | 3 | 2.20 | 0.39 | 1.84 | 2.62 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 1.56 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 2.17 | 6 | 2.01 | 0.68 | 0.97 | 2.76 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 1.59 | 0.34 | 1.09 | 1.99 | 6 | 2.01 | 0.70 | 0.95 | 2.98 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 1.56 | 0.29 | 1.07 | 1.93 | 6 | 1.99 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 2.75 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 1.68 | 0.39 | 0.99 | 2.12 | 6 | 1.99 | 0.67 | 0.86 | 2.76 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 1.55 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 1.97 | 6 | 1.99 | 0.77 | 0.89 | 2.97 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 1.63 | 0.46 | 1.02 | 2.26 | 6 | 1.85 | 0.74 | 1.11 | 2.87 |
Mature b cell number | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 3 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.39 | 0.60 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 3 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.55 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 3 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.52 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.52 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.53 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 3 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.63 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 6 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.59 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 6 | 0.32 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.53 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.37 | 6 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.50 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 6 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.54 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.34 | 6 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.60 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.30 | 6 | 0.34 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.49 |
Helper t cell number | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 0.99 | 0.30 | 0.58 | 1.23 | 3 | 1.27 | 0.18 | 1.14 | 1.40 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 0.98 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 1.40 | 3 | 1.19 | 0.31 | 0.88 | 1.50 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 1.01 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 1.28 | 3 | 1.32 | 0.23 | 1.13 | 1.58 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 0.99 | 0.39 | 0.63 | 1.43 | 3 | 1.21 | 0.28 | 0.99 | 1.53 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 1.02 | 0.47 | 0.58 | 1.61 | 3 | 1.29 | 0.37 | 1.06 | 1.71 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 1.09 | 0.52 | 0.64 | 1.76 | 3 | 1.53 | 0.53 | 1.22 | 2.14 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 0.96 | 0.29 | 0.70 | 1.46 | 6 | 1.24 | 0.39 | 0.60 | 1.61 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.73 | 1.29 | 6 | 1.24 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 1.59 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 0.97 | 0.15 | 0.73 | 1.20 | 6 | 1.24 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 1.83 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 1.06 | 0.23 | 0.66 | 1.33 | 6 | 1.23 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 1.75 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 0.98 | 0.21 | 0.62 | 1.18 | 6 | 1.25 | 0.49 | 0.59 | 2.06 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 1.02 | 0.27 | 0.61 | 1.29 | 6 | 1.10 | 0.29 | 0.75 | 1.44 |
Suppressant t cell number | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 0.47 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 0.59 | 3 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.39 | 1.15 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 0.54 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 3 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.83 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 0.51 | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.75 | 3 | 0.61 | 0.31 | 0.42 | 0.96 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.70 | 3 | 0.55 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.81 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 0.72 | 3 | 0.59 | 0.26 | 0.43 | 0.89 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 0.53 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 0.66 | 3 | 0.63 | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.84 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 0.55 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.89 | 6 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 1.50 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.80 | 6 | 0.74 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 1.62 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 0.54 | 0.15 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 6 | 0.72 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 1.50 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 6 | 0.72 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 1.51 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 0.53 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.81 | 6 | 0.73 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 1.45 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 0.56 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.98 | 6 | 0.77 | 0.54 | 0.33 | 1.55 |
Natural killer cell number | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.44 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.02 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 3 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.31 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 3 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.32 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 3 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.31 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 3 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.32 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 3 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.48 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 6 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.41 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.28 | 6 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.50 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.35 | 6 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.37 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 6 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.45 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 6 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.37 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 0.18 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.31 | 6 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.56 |
Phagocytosis of Granulocytes | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 37.1 | 6.0 | 31.0 | 44.4 | 3 | 40.6 | 1.3 | 39.6 | 41.5 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 47.6 | 5.1 | 39.6 | 53.2 | 3 | 40.4 | 8.4 | 31.0 | 47.2 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 35.4 | 3.1 | 33.0 | 39.8 | 3 | 48.0 | 4.9 | 42.4 | 51.6 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 48.8 | 14.3 | 27.5 | 58.1 | 3 | 49.2 | 15.0 | 32.8 | 62.2 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 40.4 | 6.3 | 30.9 | 44.5 | 3 | 38.6 | 3.0 | 35.2 | 40.6 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 48.6 | 3.4 | 44.5 | 51.5 | 3 | 48.1 | 5.5 | 43.7 | 54.2 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 38.8 | 10.1 | 27.6 | 57.3 | 6 | 40.0 | 8.8 | 27.1 | 49.3 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 51.4 | 7.4 | 37.6 | 60.7 | 6 | 53.8 | 8.0 | 46.0 | 65.2 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 49.3 | 13.3 | 33.3 | 75.7 | 6 | 46.3 | 9.0 | 32.9 | 57.9 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 46.0 | 13.9 | 26.6 | 64.2 | 6 | 51.4 | 13.8 | 28.6 | 65.9 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 39.5 | 7.3 | 34.8 | 51.7 | 6 | 48.5 | 8.8 | 36.2 | 58.6 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 50.9 | 8.9 | 39.5 | 63.7 | 6 | 56.3 | 6.7 | 47.0 | 61.9 |
Phagocytosis of monocytes | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 31.1 | 4.5 | 24.9 | 35.6 | 3 | 29.1 | 3.5 | 26.6 | 31.5 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 35.5 | 2.2 | 33.3 | 38.9 | 3 | 30.4 | 9.4 | 23.9 | 41.2 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 27.1 | 3.2 | 23.5 | 32.0 | 3 | 35.3 | 3.1 | 31.9 | 38.0 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 38.4 | 10.8 | 22.5 | 45.7 | 3 | 35.4 | 10.1 | 25.8 | 46.0 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 31.8 | 5.7 | 25.1 | 37.6 | 3 | 27.4 | 1.4 | 25.8 | 28.3 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 37.6 | 1.8 | 35.8 | 39.7 | 3 | 32.4 | 5.4 | 26.5 | 37.2 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 34.7 | 8.4 | 20.0 | 47.3 | 6 | 32.4 | 5.1 | 25.3 | 39.2 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 39.5 | 7.7 | 28.9 | 47.7 | 6 | 39.3 | 5.4 | 30.3 | 45.1 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 35.5 | 8.1 | 26.0 | 49.0 | 6 | 34.6 | 6.5 | 24.8 | 42.6 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 33.1 | 7.3 | 22.5 | 45.3 | 6 | 33.8 | 9.5 | 21.5 | 49.8 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 30.9 | 4.6 | 25.0 | 38.6 | 6 | 36.2 | 7.5 | 30.5 | 49.8 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 32.5 | 5.5 | 24.0 | 39.9 | 6 | 34.5 | 8.8 | 24.4 | 44.8 |
Natural killer cell cytotoxicity | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 15.5 | 6.0 | 10.6 | 25.2 | 3 | 22.0 | 0.9 | 21.3 | 22.6 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 18.7 | 5.4 | 11.0 | 25.4 | 3 | 22.8 | 17.0 | 10.7 | 34.8 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 18.1 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 24.8 | 3 | 22.4 | 4.5 | 17.6 | 26.5 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 13.7 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 19.3 | 3 | 21.8 | 3.9 | 17.3 | 24.7 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 14.1 | 4.1 | 8.9 | 19.0 | 3 | 23.5 | 6.6 | 17.6 | 30.6 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 15.1 | 2.8 | 11.3 | 17.8 | 3 | 23.2 | 6.0 | 19.6 | 30.1 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 14.8 | 5.9 | 9.1 | 24.0 | 6 | 15.1 | 4.5 | 10.6 | 21.5 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 13.9 | 5.7 | 8.7 | 25.6 | 6 | 16.5 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 23.4 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 15.0 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 24.6 | 6 | 16.4 | 4.9 | 10.4 | 23.9 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 14.1 | 5.2 | 8.6 | 21.6 | 6 | 16.6 | 4.5 | 10.0 | 20.8 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 13.4 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 19.1 | 6 | 13.3 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 19.3 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 12.5 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 19.1 | 6 | 15.9 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 26.5 |
Cox 2 | Male | Baseline 1 | 5 | 78.0 | 8.9 | 67.8 | 89.6 | 3 | 83.6 | 3.9 | 80.8 | 86.3 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 5 | 82.9 | 2.9 | 79.7 | 85.3 | 3 | 83.0 | 2.2 | 80.6 | 85.0 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 5 | 82.6 | 3.1 | 79.0 | 86.4 | 3 | 85.1 | 4.1 | 82.5 | 89.9 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 5 | 83.2 | 1.4 | 82.2 | 85.3 | 3 | 79.6 | 2.2 | 78.1 | 82.1 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 5 | 78.2 | 5.1 | 73.8 | 85.2 | 3 | 84.8 | 5.0 | 80.9 | 90.5 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 5 | 79.4 | 3.6 | 75.4 | 83.5 | 3 | 85.8 | 8.5 | 76.2 | 92.5 |
 | Female | Baseline 1 | 8 | 78.9 | 5.9 | 71.8 | 87.9 | 6 | 80.2 | 5.4 | 76.3 | 89.4 |
 |  | Baseline 2 | 8 | 81.0 | 5.5 | 72.0 | 88.5 | 6 | 79.2 | 9.1 | 61.9 | 85.8 |
 |  | Dose 1 | 8 | 82.6 | 3.5 | 75.9 | 88.0 | 6 | 85.9 | 3.0 | 82.7 | 90.3 |
 |  | Dose 2 | 8 | 83.6 | 3.8 | 77.3 | 89.2 | 6 | 81.3 | 4.0 | 74.8 | 86.0 |
 |  | Dose 4 | 8 | 81.0 | 4.3 | 73.4 | 85.2 | 6 | 83.7 | 4.8 | 78.4 | 92.3 |
 |  | Dose 8 | 8 | 81.3 | 5.2 | 76.1 | 90.1 | 6 | 82.7 | 5.5 | 76.9 | 87.6 |