Fig. 3From: Protective effects of chebulic acid on alveolar epithelial damage induced by urban particulate matterEffect of CA on mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (NCI-H441) after treatment with UPM. a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), (b) interleukin (IL)-6, and (c) IL-8 mRNA expression levels of NCI-H441 cells normalized to that of β-actin. After 24 h of pretreatment with CA (5 and 10 μM), NCI-H441 cells were incubated with UPM (100 μg/mL) for 6 h. Data are means ± SD of three experiments with triplicate samples and different letters indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 by Tukey’s multiple comparisons testBack to article page