From: Development of a taxonomy to describe massage treatments for musculoskeletal pain
1. Styles or techniques allowed with no restrictions |
   1. Application of cold |
   2. Application of heat |
   3. Compression – pumping or static |
   4. Craniosacral |
   5. Friction or direct pressure |
   6. Cross-fiber friction |
   7. Gliding (effluerage) – Swedish |
   8. Gliding – deep (effluerage, stripping) – clinical |
   9. Holding |
   10. Kneading (petrissage) |
   11. Lymphatic drainage |
   12. Percussion (tapotement) |
   13. Rocking, jostling, shaking, vibration |
   14. ROM – active or resistive (also active assisted and/or resisted stretching, MET, PNF – consisting of three types of resistive stretching: lengthening, contracting the agonist; lengthening the agonist, contracting the antagonist; and lengthening the agonist, contracting agonist and antagonist) |
   15. ROM – passive (passive stretching, positional release) |
   16. Skin rolling |
   17. Stretching (manual) |
   18. Traction |
   19. Trigger point therapy |
2. Principal treatment goals LIMITED by protocol (i.e., allowed only if represent less than 20% of an individual session) |
   Energy Work (e.g., Reiki, Polarity, Therapeutic touch, Zero Balancing) |
   Movement Education (Active Exercise Styles) (e.g., Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, Aston Patterning) |
3. Treatments proscribed by protocol |
   Aromatherapy |
   Asian bodywork (shiatsu or other meridian based massage) |
   Dietary supplements |
   Recipe techniques – although components of those may be acceptable |