Inclusion criteria: |
   ≥ 18 years of age |
Meets the following definition of musculoskeletal pain as determined review of the individual's electronic medical record (EMR) chart: |
   ≥ 3 outpatient (emergency department, ambulatory visit, email and telephone encounters are acceptable) encounters spanning at least 180 days but no more than 18 months: |
nonspecific chronic pain (nCP) |
or chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). CMP includes arthritis, temporomandibular joint disorder, tension headaches, carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia and myofascial pain, pain in limb, pain in joint, back/neck pain, vertebral fractures, vertebral somatic dysfunction, spondylolysis, vertebral dislocation, spinal strains and sprains, spinal deformities |
   Three qualifying diagnoses can be achieved in any of the following ways: |
Three CMP diagnoses |
First diagnosis CMP and two subsequent diagnoses of nCP |
First diagnosis CMP with one additional CMP diagnosis and one nCP |
   Diagnoses associated with a physical therapy visit will NOT be considered in identifying prospective participants |
   Only one CMP/nCP diagnosis can be counted in any given 7-day window to minimize the possibility that qualifying diagnoses reflect multiple visits/services for the same acute pain condition. |
Study participant exclusion criteria include: |
   Medical history of malignant cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer |
   Medical history of cognitive impairment (dementia, developmental delay, or psychosis) |
   Medical history of hospice or end-of-life palliative care |