Fig. 6

Effect of VOS on NF-κB signaling activation. a RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with VOS for 6 h and then co-treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 20 min. b RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with VOS for 6 h and then co-treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 30 min. After the treatment, the nucleus fraction was prepared. For Western blot analysis, the cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE and the Western blot was performed using antibodies against IκB-α and p65. Actin was used as internal control for Western blot analysis. *P < 0.05 compared to the cells without the treatment, and ^#P < 0.05 compared to the cells treated with LPS alone. c RAW264.7 cells were co-transfected with NF-κB luciferase constructs and pRL-null. The cells were pretreated with VOS for 6 h and then co-treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 18 h. Luciferase activity for NF-κB was measured as a ratio of firefly luciferase signal/renilla luciferase signal using a dual luciferase assay kit. The density of Western blot bands was calculated using the software UN-SCAN-IT gel version 5.1 (Silk Scientific Inc. Orem, UT, USA).*P < 0.05 compared to the cells without the treatment, and ^#P < 0.05 compared to the cells treated with LPS alone