Table 3 Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and chloroform Artemisia gmelinii extracts and reference compounds – vancomycin, ciprofloxacin for bacteria and fluconazole for yeasts
Plant extracts | chloroform extract | ethanolic extract | Vancomycin | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | MBC/MIC ratio | MIC (mg/mL) | MBC (mg/mL) | MBC/MIC ratio | MIC-(μg/mL) | MBC-(μg/mL) | MBC/MIC ratio |
Gram-positive bacteria | |||||||||
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | 5 | 20 | 4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.98 | 7.81 | 8 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 | 5 | 20 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.49 | 1.95 | 4 |
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 | 1.25 | 5 | >4 | 1.25 | 5 | 4 | 0.49 | 1.95 | 4 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 | 5 | >20 | >4 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 1 |
Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 | 5 | >20 | >4 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 1 |
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 20 | 4 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 2 |
Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 | 5 | >20 | >4 | 5 | >20 | >4 | 0.98 | 16.6 | 16 |
Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 2 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 2 |
Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1 |
Gram-negative bacteria | Ciprofloxacin | ||||||||
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | > 20 | > 20 | nd | 20 | 20 | 1 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 1 |
Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453 | > 20 | > 20 | nd | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 | 20 | 20 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 1 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | > 20 | > 20 | nd | 20 | 20 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.98 | 2 |
Yeasts | MIC (mg/ml) | MFC (mg/ml) | MFC/MIC ratio | MIC (mg/ml) | MFC (mg/ml) | MFC/MIC ratio | Fluconazole | ||
MIC (μg/mL) | MFC (μg/mL) | MFC/MIC ratio | |||||||
Candida albicans ATCC 102231 | 2.5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 0.98 | 1.95 | 2 |
Candida albicans ATCC 2091 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 1 |
Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 2.5 | 10 | 4 | 1.95 | 1.95 | 1 |