Fig. 5From: Ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich induces autophagy and apoptosis in mouse colon cancer cells through the regulation of reactive oxygen speciesInhibition of autophagy enhanced apoptosis induced by ethanol extracts of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells. a Treatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced ECZ-induced apoptosis. b Effects of 3-MA treatment on caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression. c Relative fold change of cleaved caspase-3. d Relative fold change of PARP. Cells were pretreated with 5 mM 3-MA prior to 1 h. Apoptotic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. e Effects of 3-MA on ROS production. Cells were treated with 300 μg/ml ECZ for 24 h prior to 1 h incubation with 5 mM 3-MA or/and 5 mM NAC. ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation for at least three independent experiments. ***p < 0.001 vs. the control group, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. the ECZ treated groupBack to article page