Fig. 4

Inhibitory effects of various stalk extracts on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 μg/ml) of stalk extracts for 1 h and then LPS (1 μg/ml) was added and incubated for 24 h. After 24 h, the nitrite concentrations in medium were determined by NO Detection Kit. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001