Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages

Table 1 Total phenolic content (TPC) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of different EtOH:water (E:W) systems of C. caudatus

E:W system	TPC (g GAE g DW^− 1)	α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, IC₅₀ (μg mL^− 1)
100:0	0.80 ± 0.11^a	69.88 ± 7.22^a
80:20	0.79 ± 0.09^a	39.18 ± 5.80^b
60:40	0.26 ± 0.08^b	113.56 ± 6.72^c
40:60	0.18 ± 0.13^b	nd
20:80	0.09 ± 0.03^b	nd
0:100	0.24 ± 0.11^b	nd
Quercetin	nd	110.50 ± 4.30^c

Different letters in the column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) using Duncan’s test. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). nd not detected

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