Table 3 The used herbals for the treatment of infertility in males, the plant’s parts used, Frequency of Citations (FC), Choice values, modes of administration and methods of preparation
Scientific names | Local names | English names | Family | Voucher numbers | Part used and mode of preparation | Method of preparation | Citations | FC, % | CV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferula hermonis Boiss. | شرش الزلوع | Hermon ferula | Apiaceae | Pharm-PCT-1018 | Roots/About 50 g of the roasted seeds soaked in 330 ml water for 12 h. The produced infusion is to be given twice a day. | Infusion | 49 | 96.08 | 4.00 |
Phlomis brachyodon (Boiss.) Zohary ex Rech.f. | القصعين (الأذينة قصيرة الأسنان) | Short-toothed phlomis | Lamiaceae | Pharm-PCT-1832 | Leaves/Boil about 50 g of leaves in 750 ml water for 5 min. 150 ml of this decoction is to be given orally before each meal. | Decoction | 45 | 88.24 | 3.68 |
Phoenix dactylifera L. | تمر | Date or Date Palm | Arecaceae | Pharm-PCT-1842 | Pollen grains/About 1 g of the Date trees pollen grains mixed with one 1 g of royal jelly. This paste to be given 2 h before each sexual intercourse. | Paste | 44 | 86.27 | 3.59 |
Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.Roem. | الليف | Sponge gourd or Egyptian cucumber | Cucurbitaceae | Pharm-PCT-2806 | Fruits/About 5 ml of fruits juice to be given twice daily for two weeks | Juice | 40 | 78.43 | 3.27 |
Adonis aestivalis L. | عين الديك | Summer pheasant’s-eye | Ranunculaceae | Pharm-PCT-23 | Leaves/Soak 5 g of the leaves in 400 ml water for 12 h and drink once daily. | Infusion | 35 | 68.63 | 2.86 |
Ferula communis L. | الكلخ الشائع | Common giant fennel | Apiaceae | Pharm-PCT-1016 | Rhizomes/Mix 200 g of the rhizomes with 200 g of dried locust insect and 150 ml of olive oil. About 50 g of the produced paste is to be given orally two times daily. | Paste | 31 | 60.78 | 2.53 |
Myristica fragrans Houtt. | جوز الطيب | Nutmeg | Myristicaceae | Pharm-PCT-2716 | Seeds/Two drops of the oil of the seeds are to be given with one cup of the Camel milk before sexual intercourse. | Oil | 26 | 50.98 | 2.12 |
Pinus halepensis Mill. | صنوبر | Aleppo pine | Pinaceae | Pharm-PCT-1863 | Leaves/Boil about 100 g from the leaves in 100 ml water. 50 ml from this decoction is to be given 6 times daily. | Decoction | 24 | 47.06 | 1.96 |
Eruca sativa Mill. | جرجير | Arugula | Brassicaceae | Pharm-PCT-2786 | Seeds/Boil 50 g of the seeds in 100 ml water for 10 min. About 20 ml of this decoction is to be given orally four times daily. | Decoction | 24 | 47.06 | 1.96 |
Cnicus benedictus L. | قنطريون مبارك | St. Benedict’s thistle | Compositae | Pharm-PCT-639 | Roots/Boil 100 g from fresh roots in 330 ml water for 10 min. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given orally three times daily after meals. | Decoction | 23 | 45.10 | 1.88 |
Mandragora officinalis Mill. | تفاح المجن | Mandrake or Satan’s apple | Solanaceae | Pharm-PCT-1509 | Roots/Mix equal amounts of the roots powder with honey. 30 g of this paste is to be taken orally twice daily. | Paste | 23 | 45.10 | 1.88 |
Lepidium sativum L | حب الرشاد | Cress | Brassicaceae | Pharm-PCT-2802 | Seeds/Boil 100 g of the seeds in 500 ml water for 15 min. About 100 ml of this decoction is to be given orally once a day. | Decoction | 22 | 43.14 | 1.80 |
Rumex cyprius Murb. | حميض | Knotweed | Polygonaceae | Pharm-PCT-2070 | Leaves/Fresh leaves juice is given four times daily (about 30 ml each time). | Juice | 22 | 43.14 | 1.80 |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe | زنجبيل | Ginger | Zingiberaceae | Pharm-PCT-2724 | Rhizomes/Mix 75 g of the roasted rhizomes with 50 g of honey. One tablespoon of this paste is to be given for patient one hour before sexual intercourse. | Paste | 21 | 41.18 | 1.72 |
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin | فجل | Cultivated radish | Brassicaceae | Pharm-PCT-2770 | Seeds/Mix equal amounts of the crushed seeds and honey. One tablespoon of this paste is to be given once daily. | Paste | 20 | 39.22 | 1.63 |
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne | قرع | Atlantic giant pumpkin | Cucurbitaceae | Pharm-PCT-2762 | Seeds/Boil 100 g of the crushed seeds in 350 ml water and drink this decoction once daily. | Decoction | 20 | 39.22 | 1.63 |
Portulaca oleracea L. | فرفحينه | Common purslane | Portulacaceae | Pharm-PCT-1935 | Leaves/Soak about 150 g of the crushed leaves in 500 ml water. This infusion is to be given after each meal. | Infusion | 19 | 37.25 | 1.55 |
Allium cepa L. | بصل | Common onion | Amaryllidaceae | Pharm-PCT-2703 | Bulb/Mix 20 ml of onion juice with 5 ml apple vinegar. This mixture is to be given once daily in the early morning time. | Juice | 18 | 35.29 | 1.47 |
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. | سدر | Sidr | Rhamnaceae | Pharm-PCT-2693 | Flowers/Boil 1 g of the flowers in 100 ml water and drink this decoction once daily. | Decoction | 17 | 33.33 | 1.39 |
Urtica urens L. | القريص | Small nettle | Urticaceae | Pharm-PCT-2562 | Pollen grains/Boil 10 g of the powdered pollen grains in 50 ml water for 10 min. The produce decoction is to be mixed with royal jelly (equal amounts) and given orally before sexual intercourse. | Decoction | 13 | 25.49 | 1.06 |
Lens culinaris Medik. | عدس | Lentil | Leguminosae | Pharm-PCT-2805 | Seeds/Boil 100 g of the ground seeds in 200 ml water and 50 ml olive oil for 20 min. 100 ml of this decoction is to be given twice daily | Decoction | 13 | 25.49 | 1.06 |
Cyperus esculentus L. | حب العزيز | Nut grass or earth almond | Cyperaceae | Pharm-PCT-2803 | Roots/Soak 100 g of the roots in 800 ml of water for one night. The produced infusion is to be given 3–5 times a day. | Infusion | 11 | 21.57 | 0.90 |
Hordeum spontaneum K.Koch | شعير بري | Wild barley | Poaceae | Pharm-PCT-1211 | Seeds/Boil 100 g of the crushed seeds in 100 ml water and drink twice daily after meals. | Decoction | 10 | 19.61 | 0.82 |
Anacardium occidentale L. | كاشو | Cashew | Anacardiaceae | Pharm-PCT-2804 | Seeds/Steep 50 g of the grounded seeds in 100 ml water for 6 h. About 20 ml from this infusion is to be given three times a day. | Infusion | 5 | 9.80 | 0.41ii |