Detection method | Phytoconstituents | References | Biological activity/Chemopreventive potential /Refrences |
---|---|---|---|
Qualitative screening | Tannin | [25] | Antioxidant, anticancer [36], Nehroprotective against CP, increase bioavailability of CP [37], inhibit CP–induced TBARS production in rat kidney [38]. |
Steroids | Anti-inflammatory [39, 40], anticancer [41], Nehroprotective against CP [42] | ||
Alkaloids | Anti-inflammatory [39, 40], antioxidant, chemopreventive, anticancer [43], nephroprotective against CP-induced renal injury via inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis [44]. | ||
Flavonoids | Anti-inflammatory [39, 40, 45], antioxidant, anticancer, ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects [46]. | ||
Coumarins | |||
Terpenoids | Antiinflammatory [5, 6], chemopreventive, anticancer [10] renoprotective against CP [11]. | ||
Quantitative Estimation | Flavonoids: 129 ± 1.32 TFC (mg rutin equivalent/g dry sample) | [25] | Antioxidant, anticancer, induced apoptosis, inhibit oxidative stress, flavonids exibit protection against CP induced nephrotoxicity [36], i.e. rutin a flavonoid effectively reduced the cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in albino rats by ameliorating serum kidney function markers, creatinine clearance, and renal malondialdehyde levels [50]. |
Phenolics: 120.3 ± 1.15 TPC (mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry sample) | Antioxidant,anticancer [51], anti-inflammatory, antitumour, anti-proliferative [52], chemopreventive and anticancer activity of GSE in various cancers attribitued to the presence of polyphenolics constituents and their antioxidant potential [53]. | ||
HPLC-DAD Screening using standard flavonoids | Gallic acid (4.52 52.92 μg/100 mg dry powder) | [25] | Antioxidant, antimutagenic, chemopreventive [54], inhibit CP induce acculmalation of TBARS in renal tissues in vitro [38], modulate antioxidant status and prevent CP induce kidney demage in rats [55]. |
Catechin (11.438648.0 μg/100 mg dry powder) | |||
Myricetin (17.08 34.60 μg/100 mg dry powder) | Myricetin exhibited a protective against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [58] phenolic compounds present in extracts justify their marked antioxidant activities. | ||
Isolation of pure bioactive compounds through bioassay guided fractionation and isolation. | 7-O-galloylcatechin (187.5 mg/g) | Antioxidant [59], anticancer, antiproliferative and apoptotic against breast and prostate cancer [30], prevented CP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [60]. | |
+Catechin (100 mg/g) | Anticancer, antioxidant, proapoptotic [30], nephroprotective; renoprotective effect of catechin hydrate against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity might be mediated through its antioxidant and possible direct nephroprotective actions [61]. | ||
Methyl gallate (37.5 mg/g) | Anticancer, antioxidant [30, 62], prevent oxidative stress and DNA damage in renal cells via scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of lipid peroxidation and prevention of intracellular GSH depletion [63]. |