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Table 1 Phytochemical composition of Acacia hydaspica ethyl acetate extract (AHE)

From: Evaluating the protective potency of Acacia hydaspica R. Parker on histological and biochemical changes induced by Cisplatin in the cardiac tissue of rats

Detection method

Phytoconstituents

References

Biological activity/Chemopreventive potential /Refrences

Qualitative screening

Tannin

[25]

Antioxidant, anticancer [36], Nehroprotective against CP, increase bioavailability of CP [37], inhibit CP–induced TBARS production in rat kidney [38].

Steroids

Anti-inflammatory [39, 40], anticancer [41], Nehroprotective against CP [42]

Alkaloids

Anti-inflammatory [39, 40], antioxidant, chemopreventive, anticancer [43], nephroprotective against CP-induced renal injury via inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis [44].

Flavonoids

Anti-inflammatory [39, 40, 45], antioxidant, anticancer, ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects [46].

Coumarins

Anti-inflammatory [47], antioxidant [48], anti-cancer [49].

Terpenoids

Antiinflammatory [5, 6], chemopreventive, anticancer [10] renoprotective against CP [11].

Quantitative

Estimation

Flavonoids: 129 ± 1.32 TFC (mg rutin equivalent/g dry sample)

[25]

Antioxidant, anticancer, induced apoptosis, inhibit oxidative stress, flavonids exibit protection against CP induced nephrotoxicity [36], i.e. rutin a flavonoid effectively reduced the cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in albino rats by ameliorating serum kidney function markers, creatinine clearance, and renal malondialdehyde levels [50].

Phenolics: 120.3 ± 1.15 TPC (mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry sample)

Antioxidant,anticancer [51], anti-inflammatory, antitumour, anti-proliferative [52], chemopreventive and anticancer activity of GSE in various cancers attribitued to the presence of polyphenolics constituents and their antioxidant potential [53].

HPLC-DAD

Screening using standard flavonoids

Gallic acid (4.52 52.92 μg/100 mg dry powder)

[25]

Antioxidant, antimutagenic, chemopreventive [54], inhibit CP induce acculmalation of TBARS in renal tissues in vitro [38], modulate antioxidant status and prevent CP induce kidney demage in rats [55].

Catechin (11.438648.0 μg/100 mg dry powder)

Antioxidant, anticancer [56], chemopreventive [57]

Myricetin (17.08 34.60 μg/100 mg dry powder)

Myricetin exhibited a protective against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [58] phenolic compounds present in extracts justify their marked antioxidant activities.

Isolation of pure bioactive compounds through bioassay guided fractionation and isolation.

7-O-galloylcatechin (187.5 mg/g)

[30, 45]

Antioxidant [59], anticancer, antiproliferative and apoptotic against breast and prostate cancer [30], prevented CP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis [60].

+Catechin (100 mg/g)

Anticancer, antioxidant, proapoptotic [30], nephroprotective; renoprotective effect of catechin hydrate against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity might be mediated through its antioxidant and possible direct nephroprotective actions [61].

Methyl gallate (37.5 mg/g)

Anticancer, antioxidant [30, 62], prevent oxidative stress and DNA damage in renal cells via scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of lipid peroxidation and prevention of intracellular GSH depletion [63].

  1. TFC: Total flavonoid content, TPC: Total phenolic content. Phytoconstituents of Acacia hydaspica ethylacetate fractions derived from previous investigations