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Table 8 Physicochemical properties of neem soap and SON specifications for toilet soap

From: Inhibitory effects of Azadirachta indica secondary metabolites formulated cosmetics on some infectious pathogens and oxidative stress radicals

Physicochemical Properties

NMS

NMLS

NMSBS

NMLSBS

SON*

Control

Colour

milky

milky

milky

milky

–

pH. (10%)

9.60 ± 0.03

9.40 ± 0.02

9.36 ± 0.03

9.34 ± 0.01

9–11 max a

% Moisture content

14.45 ± 0.02

12.50 ± 0.00

13.42 ± 0.03

13.36 ± 0.02

13–20 max

%Total fatty matter

77.30 ± 0.04

77.68 ± 0.00

80.02 ± 0.01

80.14 ± 0.02

76.50 mini b

Total free caustic alkali as Na2O

0.32 ± 0.03

0.14 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.02

0.13 ± 0.00

0.20 max

% Matter insoluble in ethanol

0.40 ± 0.01

0.03 ± 0.04

0.22 ± 0.00

0.20 ± 0.02

2.00 max

% Matter insoluble in water

0.35 ± 0.00

0.33 ± 0.02

0.26 ± 0.01

0.23 ± 0.04

0.50 max

% Unsaponified Matter

0.23 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.02

0.04 ± 0.01

0.22 ± 0.01

0.50 max

Texture

Hard

very hard

very hard

very hard

–

Leathering

Good

excellent

excellent

excellent

–

  1. Standard organisation of Nigeria specifications for toilet soap ± SD, n = 3. P < 0.05 was considered significant. NMS = neem soap without neem EO, a NMLS = neem soap with leaf EO, NMLSBS = neem soap with leaf and stem bark EOs. a = maximum limit, b = minimum limit