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Table 6 Progressive muscle relaxation included studies

From: Mind-body practices for people living with HIV: a systematic scoping review

Project identifier

Design

Sample size

Intervention/duration

Outcome/time

[59, 122] India

one group with multiple assessment pretest- posttest

6 CBT

20 psychoeducation, activity scheduling, cognitive restructuring, behavioral counseling, progressive muscular relaxation with biofeedback i.s. of 1 h

Post-int

↓ symptoms

↓ depression

↓ anxiety

[60] USA

one group pretest-posttest

design

5 CBT + PMR

12 adherence training, behavioral activation, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, progressive muscle relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing i.s. / 12 weeks

Post-int

↑ adherence

↓ depression

[61] India

one group pretest-posttest

pilot design

30 JPMR

10 Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation s. /10 weeks

Post-int

↓ anxiety

↓ depression

[121] USA

phenomenology

24 PMRT + GI

1 progressive muscle relaxation and guided imagery i.s or g.s. of 30 min

Post-int

feeling satisfied, refreshed and peaceful

relief muscle tension and stress

[62] Chine

Three group pretest-posttest design

10 CBT

12 cognitive restructuring, behavior change strategies, assertiveness skills, progressive muscle relaxation, home practice g.s. of 2 h

/12 weeks

Post-int & 6 month

↑ mood

↑ QoL

↑ CD4

10 PSC

12 discussion by leaders, feelings, problems, fears and hopes g.s of 2 h /12 weeks

26 CG

usual care

[63, 123,124,125,126,127] USA

RCT

14 CBSM

20 cognitive restructuring, assertiveness skills, behavior change strategies, stress information, progressive muscle relaxation, imagery component g.s. of 45 min to 1 h30 + home practice /10 weeks

Post-int

CBSM et AE

↑ CD4 counts

↓ depression

19 AE

30 aerobic exercise g.s. of 45 min

15 CG

usual care

[64] USA

RCT

27 CB/PMR

8 cognitive and behavioral strategies, social support, progressive muscle relaxation g.s of 1 h30 + home practice /8 weeks

Post-int

CB/PMR and SSG

↓ depression

↓ hostility

↓ somatization

SSG

↓ anxiety

14 SSG

8 social support group discussion g.s. of 1 h30 /8 weeks

27 CI

crisis intervention

[65] Netherlands

RCT

8 CBT

15 cognitive restructuring, behavior change strategies, assertiveness skills, stress management techniques and progressive muscle relaxation exercise of Bernstein & Borkovec g.s. of 2 h30 + 1 day 8-h + relaxation home practice /15 weeks

Post-int

CBT and ET

↓ depression

↑ mood

6 ET

15 group discussion by leaders and progressive muscle relaxation exercise of Bernstein & Borkovec g.s. of 2 h30 + 1 day 8-h + relaxation home practice /15 weeks

6 WL

wait-lits

[66] JAPAN

RCT

6 PMR + AT

progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training /12 weeks

Post-int

PMR + AT and PSY:

↓ anxiety

↓ depression

↓ confusion

↓ fatigue

6 PSY

supportive psychotherapy/ 12 weeks

7 WL

waiting list

[67] USA

adolescents

12 Massage

24 massage therapy i.s. of 20 min /12 weeks

Post-int

Massage

↓ depression

↑ immune function

RCT

12 PMR

24 progressive relaxation routine Jacobson i.s. of 20 min /12 weeks

  1. CBT cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy, i.s individual sessions, Post-int post intervention, PSC peer/support counseling, CG control group, g.s group sessions, QoL quality of life, CBT + PMR cognitive behavioral therapy and progressive muscle relaxation, JPMR Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation, s sessions, PMRT + GI progressive muscle relaxation training and guided imagery, RCT randomized control trial, CBSM cognitive behavioral stress management, AE aerobic exercise, CG control group, CB/PMR cognitive and behavioral strategies, social support, progressive muscle relaxation, SSG support social group, CI crisis intervention, ET experiential group psychotherapy, WL waiting-list control, PMR + AT progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training, PSY psychotherapy