Fig. 3

Effects of Papaver nudicaule extract NW90 on the production of inflammatory cytokines. RAW264.7 cells were treated with NW90 (250 and 500 μg/ml) and LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. a Expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. GAPDH was used as an internal control. b Secretion levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were determined by multiplex assays using the culture supernatants. Data are presented as mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments in triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate statistically significant differences compared with the group treated with LPS alone