Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Effects of unaltered and bioconverted mulberry leaf extracts on cellular glucose uptake and antidiabetic action in animals

Fig. 2

Comparison of the abilities of bioconverted mulberry leaf extract (BMLE) and unaltered mulberry leaf extract (MLE) to improve glucose uptake and insulin secretion in (a) differentiated C2C12 myotubes, (b) 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, and (c) HIT-T15 pancreatic β-cells. To measure glucose uptake, cells were incubated in serum-starved DMEM for 1 h and then, treated with MLE, BMLE or rosiglitazone (Rg) for 1 h. The medium was changed to Krebs-Ringer phosphate-HEPES buffer containing the prescribed concentrations of MLE, BMLE or Rg for 30 min and then treated with 100 nM insulin for 30 min. After treatment with 2-deoxy-[3H]–glucose (0.5 μCi/mL) and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (100 μM) for 10 min, the reaction was terminated and glucose uptake activity was measured in lysed cells with a liquid scintillation counter (see Materials and methods). To measure insulin secretion, cells incubated with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate-HEPES buffer containing 0.3% bovine serum albumin for 30 min were treated with 11.1 mM glucose and MLE, BMLE or glimepiride (GLM) for 1 h and the insulin concentration released into the media was measured (see Materials and Methods). Rg (10 μM) and GLM (1 μg/mL) were used as positive controls for glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and insulin release in HIT-T15 pancreatic β-cells, respectively. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01 versus insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or glucose-stimulated insulin release in the untreated control; # P < 0.05 and ## P < 0.01 versus insulin-stimulated glucose uptake or glucose-stimulated insulin release in the MLE-treated group

Back to article page