Fig. 3

Representative cystometric recording from all groups of mice (n = 8). Urodynamic detection measured after 4 weeks of treatment included (a) maximum voiding pressure (MP), (b) maximum bladder capacity (MBC), (c) residual volume (RV), (d) micturition volume (MV), (e) voided efficiency (VE) and (f) bladder compliance (BC). MBC was measured as the amount of saline infused into the bladder until urination. RV was drained manually and measured using a 1 ml syringe. VE was calculated as (MBC – RV)/MBC × 100%. BC was calculated as (MBC/MP) × 100%. Model vs. control group, ^*P < 0.05 and ^**P < 0.01; Treatment vs. model group, ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01