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Table 2 Effect of oral administration of OE on urinalysis parameters in male and female rats

From: An oral toxicity test in rats and a genotoxicity study of extracts from the stems of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten

Tests

Result

Grade

Male

Female

G1

G2

G3

G4

G1

G2

G3

G4

GLU

0

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

BIL

0

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

KET

0

2

2

2

0

3

3

3

2

+/−

1

1

1

1

3

0

0

0

1

SG

≤1.005

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

1.010

1

0

0

1

0

2

1

1

0

1.015

2

0

0

0

1

0

1

2

1

1.020

3

0

2

1

0

0

1

0

1

1.025

4

3

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

≥1.030

5

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

pH

6.5

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

7.0

1

0

2

0

1

0

0

0

0

7.5

2

1

0

1

0

3

3

3

2

8.0

3

1

0

2

1

0

0

0

1

8.5

4

0

1

0

0

3

3

3

1

PRO

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

2

+/−

1

0

0

1

1

3

3

3

3

1+

2

3

3

1

2

3

3

3

3

URO

0.2

0

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

3

NIT

0

3

3

3

3

0

0

1

0

BLO

0

3

3

3

3

0

1

0

0

LEU

0

2

1

1

0

3

3

3

3

+/−

1

0

2

1

1

3

3

3

3

1+

2

1

0

1

2

3

3

3

3

Clarity

0

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Color-Yellow

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

  1. G1: negative control; G2: 500 mg/kg OE treated group; G3: 1000 mg/kg OE treated group; G4: 2000 mg/kg OE treated group. GLU: glucose (mg/dL); BIL: bilirubin (mg/dL); KET: ketone bodies (mg/dL); SG: specific gravity; PRO: protein (mg/dL); URO: urobilinogen (mg/dL); NIT: nitrites (mg/dL); BLO: Occult blood: LEU: leukocytes (Leu/dL). Results were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test but there were no significance differences among the groups