Intake of alternative medicine and supplements | % (n) | Possible risk in pregnancy / recommendations during pregnancy |
---|---|---|
Alternative medicines | 22.7(51) | |
Psyllium Husk Fiber | 6.7(15) | Delayed absorption of other drugs, necessary insulin dosage adjustment (downward) for diabetics [30] |
Valerian | 0.4(1) | Influence on fetal ossification, cytotoxic and mutagen [5] |
Glucosamines | 0.4(1) | No available information |
Ginger | 11.1(25) | Induce abortion, influence fetal testosterone metabolism and maternal vaginal bleeding from gestational week 17 [5, 31] |
Pregnancy tea (raspberry leaves and ginger) | 0.4(1) | Antigonadotrophic effects [5] |
Mint tea | 1.8(4) | Emmenagogue properties [30] |
Cranberry tablets | 0.4(1) | Insufficient treatment of UVI [3] |
Kefir | 0.4(1) | Contains small amounts of alcohol (fermented) |
Kombucha tea | 0.4(1) | Contains small amounts of alcohol (fermented) |
Krauterblüt (herbal iron remedy) | 2.7(6) | Iron deficiency due to insufficient supplementation [32] |
Thyme tea | 0.4(1) | Inducing abortion [2] |
L-lysine | 0.4(1) | No available information |
Green tea | 0.4(1) | Contains caffeine [30] |
Turmeric | 0.4(1) | |
Lactic Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria | 0.9(2) | No available information |
Boldocynara (Boldo, dandelion, mint, artichoke) | 0.4(1) | No available information, but mint has emmenagogue properties [30] |
Oregano | 0.4(1) | No available information |
Essential (Norwegian remedy) | 0.4(1) | No available information |
MK oil (Linseed, evening primrose, rosehip, caraway) | 0.4(1) | Caraway has emmenagogue properties and spasmolytic effects [30], evening primrose increases the incidence of prolonged rupture of membranes, oxytocin augmentation and vacuum extraction [31] |