Fig. 3

Assessing effect of I3C on inflammatory markers on day 23 (n = 8). a Mean TNF-α values (pg/ml) in serum of rats. b Mean IL-6 values (pg/ml) in serum of rats. c Mean spleen index values (SI) (mg/g) of rats. d Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate values (ESR) (mm/hr) of rats. ^aap < 0.01 ^aaap < 0.001 ^aaaap < 0.0001 compared with the normal group receiving the vehicle (there was no statistical significant difference between the two normal groups), ^bp < 0.05 ^bbp < 0.01 ^bbbp < 0.001 ^bbbbp < 0.0001 compared with arthritic non-treated model group (A), ^cp < 0.05 ^cccp < 0.001 compared with the positive control group (AM). N: Normal, NV: Normal + vehicle for I3C, A: AIA, AM: AIA + MTX, AI: AIA + I3C, AMI: AIA + MTX + I3C