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Table 2 Summary table of five papers

From: Cognitive improvement effects of electro-acupuncture for the treatment of MCI compared with Western medications: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

First Author (year)

Study Design

Patients

Gender (male/female), age (years), duration of disease (years or months)

Intervention

Comparison

Duration of Treatment

Outcomes

Results

Adverse effect

Intervention (3 arms are with two intervention)

Comparison

Zhao (2012)

RCT

(1) Meets MCI diagnostic criteria of “Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in China”. (2) Main symptoms of memory impairment. (3) Other cognitive impairments are relatively low. (4) Does not affect the ability of daily living. (5) Does not meet the diagnosis criteria for dementia. (6) Does not cause other brain functional decline. (7) GDS (Global Deterioration Scale) 2–3. (8) CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating) 0.5, 1.5SD (Standard Deviation) or lower than the average result of memory test compared to the same age and education level onset over three months. (9) MMSE 24–27. (10) 55–85 years. (11) Scheduled education level or higher, ≥1 year

Intervention 1 -(−/−) 73.35±4.60 - Intervention 2 -(−/−) 72. 68 ± 8. 26

-(−/−) 72.96±4.95

electroacupuncture alone (EX-HN1,GV20,GV24,GB20)(28) electroacupuncture and syndrome differentiation (EX-HN1,GV20,GV24,GB20+ KI03, ST40 SP10, LR03, ST36)(28)

anti-dementia drugs (Nimodipine) (28)

2 months

MMSE

MMSE 1) electroacupuncture alone: 25.50 ± 0.81 to 27.93 ± 1.41. 2) electroacupuncture and syndrome differentiation.: 25.46 ± 0.82 to 28.13 ± 1.22. 3) anti-dementia drug (Nimodipine): 25.28 ± 0.85 to 27.43 ± 1.38

not reported

Sun(2010)

RCT

(1) If symptoms of memory decline exceeds 3 months. (2) Objective evidence of memory decline. ‘Neuropsychological index score < 1.5 standard deviation of the mean value of normal elderly’. (3) If we cannot diagnose dementia based on DSM, we cannot diagnose it because of senile dementia based on NINCDS-ADRDA.

Intervention 1 20(10/10) 68±9 26.65 ± 21.17 (months). Intervention 2 20(10/10) 67 ± 9 29.90 ± 26.30 (months)

20(10/10) 68±929.05 ± 23.63 (months)

electroacupuncture alone (GV20,GV24,GB13(Electroacupuncture) + BL18,BL23,PC06,LI04,KI06,LR03) (20 electroacupuncture (GV20,GV24,GB13(Electroacupuncture),BL18,BL23,PC06,LI04,KI06,LR03) + anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)) (20)

anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)) (20)

30 days

MMSE MoCA

MMSE 1) electroacupuncture alone: 21.95 ± 2.33 to 24.95 ± 1.99 2) electroacupuncture + anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)): 22.40 ± 2.60 to 28.80 ± 0.62 3) anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)): 22.45 ± 2.44 to 25.10 ± 1.68 MoCA 1) electroacupuncture alone: 12.70 ± 2.89 to 18.60 ± 2.28 2) electroacupuncture + anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)): 12.55 ± 3.02 to 23.20 ± 1.54 3) anti-dementia drugs (donepezil)): 12.90 ± 2.73 to 18.20 ± 3.38

Not reported

Liu(2009)

RCT

(1) DSM-IV standard (2) < Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation reference standard》 diagnosis standard (17)

8(−/−) 73±8 2.50±0.93 (years)

9(−/−) 77±6 2.33±0.66 (years)

electroacupuncture alone (EX-HN1, GB20, BL23, HT07, GB39, KI03) (8)

anti-dementia drugs (Donepezil) (9)

1 months

MMSE CMS

MMSE (After treatment). 1) electroacupuncture alone: 28.63 ± 1.69. 2) anti-dementia drugs (Donepezil): 27.11 ± 1.45. CMS (After treatment) 1) electroacupuncture alone: 84.50 ± 13.46 2) anti-dementia drugs (Donepezil): 70.28 ± 19.06

not reported

Liu(2010)

RCT

(1) MCI diagnosed on DSM-IV criteria. (2) MMSE score according to educational background (No education > 18, Elementary School graduation > 21, middle school graduation > 24). (3) GDS 2~3. (4) CDR 0.5. (5) ADL < 26. (6) Memory loss is insufficient to diagnose dementia. (7) "Criteria for the diagnosis of 《Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation reference standard》. (8) 60 ~  85 years old

17(7/10) 66.00±6.84 2.500±0.9258 (years)

19(9/10) 69.32±6.86 2.320±0.6614 (years)

electroacupuncture alone (GV20, BL23, GB39, GB20, KI03) (17)

anti-dementia drugs (Donepezil) (19)

1 months

MMSE

MMSE. 1) electroacupuncture alone: 24.52 ± 2.87 to 28.25 ± 1.91. 2) anti-dementia drugs (Donepezil): 24.03 ± 3.16 to 27.23 ± 2.92

not reported

Xu(2017)

RCT

(1) Meet MCI diagnosis criteria (2) 65–80 years (3)Revised 2008 NINCDS-ADRDA diagnosis criteria (4) Good basic physical strength, chest X and blood, Brain MRI examination clear

30(16/14). 62.12±8.01 8.55±3.10 (months)

30(16/14) 61.20±7.63 9.60±2.72 (months)

electroacupuncture alone (GV20, GV24, EX-HN1, GB20) (30)

anti-dementia drugs (Nimodipine) (30)

2 months

MMSE MoCA CDT P300 ERP (hs-CRP,IL-6) MRI

MMSE. 1) electroacupuncture alone: 24.49 ± 0.62 to 27.72 ± 1.49. 2) anti-dementia drug (Nimodipine): 24.49 ± 0.62 to 26.95 ± 1.34 MoCA 1) electroacupuncture alone: 24.53 ± 0.60 to 27.70 ± 1.50 2) anti-dementia drug (Nimodipine): 24.05 ± 0.11 to 27.00 ± 1.30 CDT. 1) electroacupuncture alone: 3.10 ± 0.25 to 3.45 ± 0.33. 2) anti-dementia drug (Nimodipine): 3.12 ± 0.30 to 3.30 ± 0.51 P300. 1) electroacupuncture alone: 449.80 ± 14.28 to 397.84 ± 15.43 (Incubation period): 3.49 ± 0.30 to 4.69 ± 0.22 (covering). 2) anti-dementia drug (Nimodipine): 448.66 ± 14.14 to 408.64 ± 15.27 (Incubation period): 3.56 ± 0.28 to 4.28 ± 0.27 (covering). Reduction of ERP (hs-CRP, IL-6). Local consistency of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of left temporal lobe, left hippocampus, occipital lobe, tongue, and anterior wedge.

not reported