Variable | No. of event (n = 2142) | Crudea | Adjustedb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | (95%CI) | p-value | HR | (95%CI) | p-value | ||
Acupuncture | |||||||
 No | 1233 | 1.00 | reference |  | 1.00 | reference |  |
 Yes | 909 | 0.63 | (0.58–0.69) | <.0001 | 0.60 | (0.55–0.65) | <.0001 |
Sex | |||||||
 Female | 1692 | 1.00 | reference |  | 1.00 | reference |  |
 Male | 440 | 1.32 | (1.19–1.47) | <.0001 | 1.21 | (1.09–1.34) | 0.0005 |
Age group | |||||||
 18–39 | 126 | 1.00 | reference |  | 1.00 | reference |  |
 40–59 | 1458 | 4.22 | (3.52–5.07) | <.0001 | 3.85 | (3.20–4.63) | <.0001 |
 ≥60 | 548 | 8.76 | (7.22–10.64) | <.0001 | 5.35 | (4.37–6.56) | <.0001 |
Baseline Comorbidity (ref = non-site comorbidity) | |||||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 443 | 2.25 | (2.03–2.50) | <.0001 | 1.46 | (1.30–1.64) | <.0001 |
 Hypertension | 877 | 2.65 | (2.43–2.89) | <.0001 | 1.77 | (1.61–1.95) | <.0001 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 391 | 1.64 | (1.47–1.83) | <.0001 | 1.08 | (0.95–1.22) | 0.2342 |
 Congestive heart failure | 33 | 1.94 | (1.37–2.73) | 0.0002 | 1.00 | (0.71–1.42) | 0.9783 |
 Cerebral vascular diseases | 267 | 2.09 | (1.84–2.38) | <.0001 | 1.22 | (1.07–1.40) | 0.0037 |
 Depression | 127 | 1.18 | (0.99–1.42) | 0.0664 | 0.97 | (0.80–1.17) | 0.7509 |
 Anxiety | 312 | 1.20 | (1.07–1.36) | 0.0028 | 0.94 | (0.83–1.07) | 0.3402 |
 Alcoholism | 2 | 0.54 | (0.14–2.17) | 0.3886 | 0.51 | (0.13–2.05) | 0.3427 |
 Tobacco dependence | 1 | 0.25 | (0.04–1.74) | 0.1606 | 0.22 | (0.03–1.57) | 0.1316 |
 Obesity | 18 | 1.38 | (0.87–2.20) | 0.171 | 1.15 | (0.72–1.83) | 0.5623 |
Drug use | |||||||
 Methotrexate | 1210 | 0.47 | (0.43–0.51) | <.0001 | 0.64 | (0.58–0.70) | <.0001 |
 Hydroxychloroquine | 1680 | 0.60 | (0.55–0.67) | <.0001 | 0.80 | (0.720–.89) | <.0001 |
 Sulfasalazine | 1437 | 0.66 | (0.61–0.73) | <.0001 | 0.91 | (0.82–1.00) | 0.0559 |
 TNF-α inhibitors | 105 | 0.35 | (0.29–0.43) | <.0001 | 0.48 | (0.39–0.59) | <.0001 |
 NSAIDs | 2130 | 1.36 | (0.34–5.44) | 0.6638 | 1.73 | (0.43–6.93) | 0.4412 |
 Oral steroids | 2010 | 0.66 | (0.55–0.79) | <.0001 | 0.82 | (0.68–0.98) | 0.033 |
 Statins | 350 | 1.07 | (0.96–1.20) | 0.2408 | 0.69 | (0.61–0.78) | <.0001 |