Fig. 5

Time-response curves (I) and concentration-response curves (II) of the effect of Sida pilosa aqueous extract alone or in the presence of pharmacological blockers on the amplitude (a) and the basal tone (b) of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. To evaluate the time-response effect of SpAE, it was separately administered (4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL) to the bath solution and the effect observed on spontaneous contractions for 20 min. The vehicle was administered at equivalent volume to that of the maximal concentration of extract. The percentages of variation of the tonus and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions were calculated considering the baseline values (before drug administration) as not changes (0%). To evaluate the concentration-response effect of SpAE, it was cumulatively administered (2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL) to the bath solution at 10 min intervals. Each point represents the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for statistical analysis. ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001: values are significantly different from those recorded with the control (H₂O) at each time point