Induction of programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi by Lippia alba essential oils and their major and synergistic terpenes (citral, limonene and caryophyllene oxide)

Table 3 Relative chemical composition and anti-proliferative effect on T. cruzi of EOs extracted from the Citral chemotype of L. alba

Season	Material	EO^a	Extra^b Time	Part Plant	Chemical Composition					Epi^f		Tryp^j		Amas^k		Vero
Season	Material	EO^a	min^c	Part Plant	Neral %	Geraniol %	Geranial %	Caryop^d %	CarOx^e %	IC₅₀^g ± SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	IC₅₀^g SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	IC₅₀^g ± SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	CC₅₀ ^l ± SD^h μg/mL
Dry	Dry	A28	45	Infl^m	19.3	31.5	31.3	2.3	–	14 ± 2.6	7.1	31 ± 1.9	3.1	66 ± 4.8	1.5	97 ± 11
Rainy	Fresh	A25	45	ALⁿ	22.8	5.3	27.5	4.6	2.8	18 ± 0.7	5.3	19.4 ± 0.9	4.9	> 33.3	ND^r	95 ± 9.2
	Dry	A13	30	YL^o	30.6	–	54.5	2.9	–	17 ± 1.7	7.0	21 ± 1.6	5.7	88 ± 5.4	1.4	121 ± 10.1
		A20	30	ML^p	32.1	–	54	4	2.4	9 ± 1.2	7.8	14 ± 0.9	4.7	> 33.3	ND	66 ± 5.9
		A23	90	ML	28	–	37.8	6.8	2.9	8 ± 1.3	6.2	17 ± 1.3	3.0	> 33.3	ND	51 ± 6.2
		A24	90	ML	24	–	34.3	2	5.7	16 ± 1.6	5.7	29 ± 1.8	3.1	69 ± 3.0	1.3	91 ± 7.1
		BNZ^q	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	17 ± 0.9	8.2	1.2 ± 0.1	116.3	6 ± 0.9	22.4	139 ± 2.3

^aEO Essential oil, ^bExtra Extraction, ^cmin Minutes, ^dCaryop Caryophyllene, ^eCarOx Caryophyllene oxide, ^fEpi Epimastigote, ^gIC₅₀ Inhibitory concentration 50, ⁱSD Standard deviation, ⁱSI Selectivity index (CC₅₀/IC₅₀), ^jTryp Trypomastigote, ^kAmas Amastigote, ^lCC₅₀ Cytotoxic concentration 50, ^mInfl Inflorescences, ⁿAL All leaves, ^oYL Young leaves, ^pML Mature leaves, ^qBNZ Benznidazole, ^rND Not determined

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