South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus

Table 4 Cell viabilities from MTT assay in combined treatments with virus compared to virus control group

Treatment	Extract type	Cell viability (mean ± SD)
Treatment	Extract type	Co-pen	Pre-pen	Post-pen
Pittosporum viridiflorum, 2	Cold water	0.59 ± 0.11**	0.70 ± 0.18**	0.65 ± 0.15**
Pittosporum viridiflorum, 3	Acetone	0.85 ± 0.17**	0.85 ± 0.23**	0.84 ± 0.18**
Pittosporum viridiflorum, 4	30% ethanol	0.57 ± 0.06**	0.79 ± 0.11**	0.70 ± 0.16**
Pittosporum viridiflorum, 5	100% ethanol	0.54 ± 0.07**	0.56 ± 0.10**	0.48 ± 0.07**
Pittosporum viridiflorum, 6	Methanol	0.49 ± 0.07**	0.76 ± 0.10**	0.74 ± 0.16**
Cussonia spicata, 9	Acetone	0.79 ± 0.11**	0.90 ± 0.09**	0.76 ± 0.10**
Cussonia spicata, 11	100% ethanol	0.59 ± 0.05**	0.81 ± 0.16**	0.57 ± 0.10**
Cussonia spicata, 12	Methanol	0.53 ± 0.04**	0.55 ± 0.21**	0.56 ± 0.14**
Rapanea melanophloeos, 13	Methanol	0.75 ± 0.23**	0.83 ± 0.16**	0.80 ± 0.23**
Tabernaemontana ventricosa, 14	Methanol	0.60 ± 0.12**	0.63 ± 0.21**	0.67 ± 0.17**
Clerodendrum glabrum, 15	Methanol	0.71 ± 0.25**	0.80 ± 0.20**	0.78 ± 0.25**
Amantadine hydrochloride	–	0.79 ± 0.13**	0.75 ± 0.09**	0.71 ± 0.14**
Oseltamivir carboxylate	–	0.83 ± 0.16**	0.83 ± 0.18**	0.69 ± 0.14**
Influenza virus	–	0.20 ± 0.05	0.20 ± 0.05	0.20 ± 0.05

Data presented as mean ± SD are averages of 4 independent MTT assays. **: highly significantly different from values obtained for drugs-treated samples compared to untreated sample (P ≤ 0.01) analyzed by SPSS, LSD post-hoc test

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