Fig. 3

JPYS induces the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured RAW 264.7 cells. a Cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h. LPS could robustly induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and which was employed as a positive control. b-d Cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with JPYS extract at various concentrations (0–30 μg/ml) for 24 h. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were revealed by real time PCR. GAPDH mRNA served as an internal control for normalization. Data are expressed as the fold of increase to basal reading (untreated cultures), and in Mean ± SD, where n = 3, each with triplicate samples. Statistical comparison was made with the control; *** p < 0.001