Fig. 1

Effects of GRC fermented with different probiotic stains on nitric oxide (NO) production. a RAW 264.7 cells were treated with GRC-SC64, GRC-ON89A, GRC-Sal.Cla22, or GRC. Nitrite levels in the culture media were determined using Griess reagent and were presumed to reflect NO levels. b RAW 264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%) of SC64, ON89A, Sal.Cla22, or GRC for 24 h. RAW 264.7 cell proliferation was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison of group means, followed by Dunnett’s t-test (* = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.005 vs. control group). Each figure is representative of three independent experiments